I would like to second the distinction that Albion outlined. As an Eastern Orthodox, I am unmistakably a
conservative Christian, both in the political and in the theological sense. Politically, I am something of a cross between Pat Buchanan and Ron Paul; I believe the chief end of government is to defend the traditional cultural values of the people it governs, and that this is generally best accomplished by staying out of people's lives. Theologically, I advocate for the preservation of traditional Christian values and doctrines--heterosexual marriage, pro-life, the literal personhood and resurrection of Jesus Christ, the virgin birth.
But I am emphatically
not a Fundamentalist. Fundamentalism is a particular historical movement within Protestantism that was launched as a conscious opposition to theological liberalism, and it has a concrete set of tenets that one holds to. One Fundamental is justification by faith alone; I don't hold to that. Another Fundamental is the assumption that all biblical accounts are literal--I don't believe, but I am open to the possibility, that there was no historical Job; I definitely believe that most prophecy is metaphorical; and I am at least Old-Earth creationist but lean more heavily toward theistic evolution (many Orthodox would disagree with me about that last one). Another is substitutionary atonement; as an Orthodox, I believe in something closer to the
Christus victor or recapitulation model of salvation. Fundamentalism also tends to want to defend the faith through biblical archaeology and creation science; while I'm not opposed to those things, I'm not interested so much in their application to apologetics.
There are qualitative political implications, as well. I'm much, much more open to digesting the ideas of someone like Milo Yiannopoulis or Sargon of Akkad, despite the fact that the first is openly gay and the second is openly atheist, than someone who is both conservative and Fundamentalist is likely to be.
And one does not have to be Catholic or Orthodox in order to be "conservative, but not Fundamentalist." There are many Calvinists and Lutherans and Anglicans who fit that description. However, it
is fair to say that we all tend to lean high church as opposed to low church.
A very good speech that touches on the distinction is Clark Carlton's
"Our Altars and Firesides". Clark himself is an Orthodox who was formerly an Evangelical.