This needed to be addressed.
Male domination is not God's design but headship is God's design.
Female domination is not God's design but submission to Christ & to a husband IN A MARRIAGE COVENANTAL RELATIONSHIP is God's design.
God designed the covenant of marriage since the very beginning. It hasn't changed over time, nor changed due to cultural or historical dictates.
Jesus made that plain to the Pharisees when they asked about divorce: 'But since THE BEGINNING it was not so, concerning the institution of marriage.'
To say that Paul was not recommending patriarchal hierarchies for all time is reading something into the text that isn't there. Paul didn't say that anywhere in the text; you did, adding that into the text. That is called eisogesis not exegesis.
So let us go back to the beginning to see what God said is true concerning the covenant of marriage & the role of a husband & a wife.
Before Eve was created, Adam was given the role of headship over the earth. He named all the animals. God gave him a garden to cultivate. God gave him the commandment to eat freely in the garden except for the tree of the knowledge of good & evil.
THEN God said it was not good for man to be alone, that He would make an helpmeet or mate, a helper suitable & fitting for Adam, to assist him in this headship & to provide companionship & be fruitful.
So God then created Eve out of the man & brought the woman to the man. The covenantal institution of marriage was established by God: leave, cleave, one flesh for life & let no one separate them.
Adam as head apparently instructed his wife about God's commands. He was to work with her in following those commands & to guide & protect her. She is his flesh & his bones for life.
Then Adam gave up his headship. He followed what his wife said not what God said. The wife followed what the devil said, not what her husband said, in telling her of God's commands given before she was created. The result was the fall. But it didn't change the covenantal institution of marriage.
Who was the one God held responsible for all this & for the introduction of sin & death into the world & disobeying God's command? Adam not Eve, because he was the head as God designed & as the TYPE of the Last Adam, Jesus Christ, who is the head of the church & the head over all creation. He is the one to reconcile all things in all creation that fell when one man, Adam, sinned, as the head of the human race.
The picture is there ever since the beginning & down through time. God's determined plan hasn't changed.
Romans 5:12-19 Therefore, just as sin entered the world through ONE MAN & death through sin, so also death was passed on to all men, because all sinned...Death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who did not sin in the way that Adam transgressed. He is a TYPE OF THE ONE TO COME...
This truth is reiterated again & again in Scripture, confirming what God established in the beginning. By the mouth of 2 or 3 witnesses let every fact be confirmed.
What did God say in the beginning? Gen 3:16 "You will desire your husband & he will rule over you."
I Cor 11:1-3 Be followers of me, just as I also am of Christ. Now I praise you because you remember me in everything & hold firmly to the traditions, just as I delivered them to you. But I want you to understand that the head of every man is Christ & the head of the woman is man & the head of Christ is God.
I Tim 2:11-14 Let a woman learn quietly with all submissiveness. I do not permit a woman to teach or to exercise dominion over a man; rather, she is to remain quiet. Because Adam was formed first, then Eve & Adam was not deceived, but the woman was deceived & became a transgressor.
Again the picture of WHY points back once again to Genesis: the idea of exercising dominion over, Adam being formed first then Eve. It is not some temporary appeal to the culture or the time of Paul but points once again back to the order of headship that God established since the beginning.
Col 2:17-20 And whatever you do, in word or deed, do it all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through Him. Wives, submit to your husbands just as it is FITTING in the Lord. Husbands, love your wives & do not be harsh with them.
Fitting gives the picture going back to Genesis, where God made a suitable, fitting helpmate for Adam.
Eph 5:22-24 Wives, submit to your husbands JUST AS to the Lord; because the husband is the head of the wife JUST AS Christ is the head of the church, His body, of which He is the Savior. Now JUST AS the church submits to Christ, so also wives should submit to their husbands in everything.
I didn't include Eph 5:21 in this passage & new paragraph because of the grammatical construction, where vs 21 fits in as a continuing string of prepositional phrases, concerning the church members in general.
(Redeeming...speaking...singing...making melody...giving...submitting)
Here the topic turns from the general body to the topic of the marriage relationship in an extended section. It is not a misinterpretation nor the topic sentence for the topic of marriage as already shown.
Almost every Bible translation team, fluent in the Biblical languages, does not include vs 21 with the new topic starting in vs 22, again due to the Greek language construction, tying it to the prior section. A few translations put it separate all by itself.
Eph 5:25-33 Husbands, love your wives JUST AS Christ loved the church & gave Himself for her, to sanctify her by cleansing her with the washing of the water by the word, so that he may present the church to Himself as glorious – not having a stain or wrinkle, or any such blemish, but holy & blameless.
IN THE SAME WAY husbands ought to love their wives as their own bodies. He who loves his wife loves himself. For no one has ever hated his own body but he feeds it & takes care of it, JUST AS Christ also does the church, because we are members of His body.
FOR THIS REASON a man will leave his father & mother & will be joined to his wife & the two will become one flesh.
This mystery is great – but I am actually speaking with reference to Christ & the church. Nevertheless, each one of you must also love his own wife JUST AS he loves himself & the wife must respect her husband.
Again this section uses the phrases, 'just as' & 'in the same way' to compare the marriage relationship with Christ & the church. Then once again an appeal is made that goes all the way back to Genesis, tying these things together, as something that God instituted since the beginning.
The earthly marriage is a picture & type of Christ & the church, being a mystery hidden back then but now revealed in the NT. Earthly marriage is temporary; heavenly marriage to Christ is eternal.
I Cor 4:17 He will remind you of my way of life in Christ Jesus, which is exactly what I teach everywhere in every church.
As you can see in the many examples above, Paul shows that he taught the same thing in the same way to the various local churches scattered in the Roman empire. It is consistent & it continually points back to Genesis as the standard not contemporary societal norms or culture.
That is why I state that you are also adding something foreign into the text when you say that Paul was 'using the already existing pagan Greco-Roman family structure of his time to teach new converts.' Where does Paul state that in the text? Where does he mention using a pagan family structure to teach new converts? It is nowhere in the text. You added that.
Headship is what God purposed & designed, starting with the First Adam, who was a type of the Messiah & culminating in the Last Adam.
Eph 1:22 And God put everything under His feet and made Him head over everything for the church..
Eph 4:15 But speaking the truth in love, may grow up into him in all things, which is the head,
even Christ...
Col 1:18 And he is the head of the body, the church...
"We need not go backwards, but instead continue to use Eph 5:21 as a way of comparing where we are now to where we need to be."
We do need to go backward, all the way to Genesis & use that as the pattern that God instituted, not Eph 5:21 picked out of isolation to the context in Ephesians 5 & the whole counsel of Scripture concerning marriage. It hasn't changed by God's design & pictures Christ & His headship over the church & the type of the First Adam with the Last Adam.