Isaiah 10:28-32 describes an advance on Jerusalem from the north.
I agree. The Assyrian empire was north of the kingdom of Judah. So Sennacherib and his army would have marched from north to south to advance on Judah.
But
2 Kings 18:17,
2 Chronicles 32:9, and
Isaiah 36:2 all say Sennacherib’s forces came to Jerusalem from Lachish, which was southwest of Jerusalem.
I agree. Each account has Sennacherib sending his army to Jerusalem from Lachish
2 Kings 18:17 And the king of Assyria sent the Tartan, the Rab-saris, and the Rabshakeh with a great army
from Lachish to King Hezekiah at Jerusalem
2 Chronicles 32:9 After this, Sennacherib king of Assyria,
who was besieging Lachish with all his forces, sent his servants to Jerusalem to Hezekiah king of Judah and to all the people of Judah who were in Jerusalem, saying
Isaiah 36:2 And the king of Assyria sent the Rabshakeh
a from Lachish to King Hezekiah at Jerusalem, with a great army
Do you know which side of Jerusalem they arrived at?
2 kings 18:17 And they went up and came to Jerusalem. When
they arrived, they came and stood by the conduit of the upper pool, which is on the highway to the Washer’s Field.
Archeologists have found extensive evidence of the Assyrian presence in this southern region, but not in any part of ancient Judea north of Jerusalem.
There is a lot in the Bible that archeology has not found or corroborated yet, that doesn't mean we don't believe the Biblical account.
That is, not along the path described in
Isaiah 10:28-32.
According to the Biblical account, in the 14th year of Hezekiah, Sennacherib captured all the fortified cities in Judah, with the exception being Jerusalem. No time frame is mentioned for how long it took for Sennacherib to conquer the fortified cities of Judah
Isaiah 36:1 In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against
all the fortified cities of Judah and took them.
2 Chronicles 32:1 After all these acts of faithfulness, Sennacherib king of Assyria came and invaded Judah. He laid siege to the fortified cities, intending to conquer them for himself.
2 Kings 18:13 In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the fortified cities of Judah and took them
This correlates with Sennacherib's account of capturing 46 of Judah's fortified cities as well as villages, which were without number, near Jerusalem.
SennacheriAs for Hezekiah, the Jew, who did not submit to my yoke, 46 of his strong, walled cities, as well as the small cities in their neighborhood, which were without number,-by levelling with battering-rams (?) and by bringing up siege-engines (?), by attacking and storming on foot, by mines, tunnels and breaches (?), I besieged and took (those cities).
This also correlates with Josephus' history of Sennecherib. **Notice Josephus states tribe of Benjamin, which is where the 10 cities listed in Isaiah 10:28-32 are located
Antiquities of the Jews Book X chapter 1: It was now the fourteenth year of the government of Hezekiah, King of the two tribes; when the King of Assyria, whose name was Sennacherib, made an expedition against him, with a great army; and took all the cities of the tribe of Judah AND BENJAMIN by force.
You reliance on the word "all" in
2 Kings 18:13 is unfortunate. For that is not the operative word here. The word "fenced" is. It says Sennacherib took all the FENCED cities of Judah. So your argument that this would include the ten cities mentioned in this prophecy simply falls to the ground.
Not following this logic. The bible states that King Sennacherib had captured all of the fortified cities of Judah except Jerusalem. My argument is that I believe that which the Bible states.
Further, Sennacherib indeed, as you have observed, boasted that he had conquered 46 of Hezekiah’s fortified cities, with their neighboring small towns, by the use of siege ramps and battering rams. But you missed the fact that he said he accomplished this by boring holes and making breaches, as well as by relentlessly attacking with foot soldiers. Such a campaign would clearly take a long time. So it could not even possibly be the swift advance described in
Isaiah 10:28-32, in which "the Assyrian" was prophesied to defeat ten cities in only three days.
Couple issues with this argument:
1.) 3 days seems to be an assumption based on "at Geba they lodge for the night". This doesn't necessarily mean that this part of the prophecy takes place over 3 days.
2.) An assumption that a battle or siege was done at each city.
Isaiah 10:28-32 He has come to Aiath; he has passed through Migron; at Michmash he stores his baggage; they have crossed over the pass; at Geba they lodge for the night; Ramah trembles; Gibeah of Saul has fled.Cry aloud, O daughter of Gallim! Give attention, O Laishah! O poor Anathoth! Madmenah is in flight; the inhabitants of Gebim flee for safety.
This very day he will halt at Nob; he will shake his fistat the mount of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem.
Interesting to note, in the Aggadah, Sennacherib's army is recorded as resting at nob and raising a platform prior to attacking Jerusalem.
"After having previously conquered the rest of the world (Meg. 11b), Sennacherib equipped a massive army against Hezekiah, consisting of 45,000 princes, each enthroned in a golden chariot and accompanied by his ladies and courtesans, 80,000 warriors in coat of mail, 60,000 swordsmen, and numerous cavalry (Sanh. 95b). With this vast army Sennacherib marched on Judea in accordance with the disclosures of his astrologers, who warned him that he would fail to capture Jerusalem if he arrived too late.
He rested at Nob and from a raised platform observed the Judean capital, which appeared weak and small to him. When his warriors urged him to attack, he bade them rest for one night before storming the city the next day. This delay spared Jerusalem since Saul's sin against the priests at Nob was fully expiated on that very day (Sanh. 95a)." Ginzberg, Legends, 4 (19475), 267–72; 5 (19463), 361–6.
These seven monuments are listed on page 10 and translated on page 129 of “Sennacherib’s Campaign to Judah : new studies,” by William R. Gallagher, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, 1999. This authoritative book clearly presents the current state of historical scholarship on this subject. Working from a purely logical basis, it demonstrates the error in many objections to the historical reliability of Biblical accounts of this campaign. It devotes well over a hundred pages to these accounts, but doesn’t even mention any portion of
Isaiah 10:28-32.
From Pages 10-11 of Sennacherib's Campaign to Judah: new studies
"Needless to say, the annals are very biased. Because they were meant to exalt the Assyrian King, the scribes concealed or explained away certain facts which did not fit this picture. There were also problems of space. A lot of information has been omitted from annals and when one tries to reconstruct an event in all its from what remains, one can see how little they have told"
"another problem of the annals is their order. They seem to have been arranged chronologically, but there are cases in which a topical arrange was preferred. The main question is to what extent the chronological order of the annals have been disrupted. The question becomes most crucial for the Assyrian invasion of Philistia and Judah"
"a lot of information has been omitted from the annals". Sennacherib never mentions the path of the 46 fortified cities an neighboring villages he conquered. Thus, based on Sennacherib's annals it is impossible to determine the path that was taken to conquer the 46 fortified cities and un numbered villages of the kingdom of Judah
However, the Bible specifically states that he did take all the fortified cities of the kingdom of Judah. Thus, even though we do not know the path based on 2 kings 18-19, 2 Chronicles 32, or Isaiah 36-37, we do know that all the fortified cities were taken. And if we believe that he took all these cities, that would include those in Isaiah 10:28-32.
The best known of the seven monuments left by Sennacherib is often called “The Oriental Institute Prism” because it is held by the Oriental Institute. As this institute is part of the University of Chicago, the monument is also called “The Chicago Prism.” But the Oriental Institute simply calls it the “Clay Prism of Sennacherib.” This is evidently the particular one of these seven monuments you have quoted.
Correct, this contains the quote of Sennacherib attacking 46 fortified cities, as well as other un numbered villages. It's important to notice he never explicitly states the path he took to conquer those 46 fortified cities and un numbered villages. Nor does he mention all 46 names of the cities or un numbered villages.
This monument (and each of the others) lists the cities Sennacherib conquered in this campaign.
You incorrectly said that Sennacherib did not state his path as he invaded Judea. His list of the cities conquered clearly show that as he invaded this area he came along the seacoast, not inland through the mountains, which is the route described in
Isaiah 10:28-32.
Notice what I specifically stated in post #182: "
It never says the path he took to destroy those 46 cities and small villages around Jerusalem, nor are the 46 cities and small villages named."
I stand by that statement. Sennacherib's prism never details the path he took to capture those 46 cities and un numbered small villages.
Do you have a specific quotes from the annals of Sennacherib that state the specific route that he took to capture those 46 fortified cities, as well as un numbered villages?
Comparing the divine account, as recorded in
2 Kings 18,
2 Chronicles 32, and
Isaiah 36, with the account left by Sennacherib on his seven monuments, clearly shows that that as he invaded this region, he first pushed south along the seacoast to the southern portion of Judea and conquered that region, and then he came back up north to Jerusalem. (Although Sennacherib himself did not come to Jerusalem, but sent one of his generals there to demand their surrender.)
The biblical account never mentions the entire path he took. The biblical account simply states he took all the fortified cities of Judah in the 14th year of Hezekiah
2 Kings 18:13 In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the fortified cities of Judah and took them.
And that Sennacherib sent an army from Lachish to Jerusalem.
2 Kings 18:17 And the king of Assyria sent the Tartan, the Rab-saris, and the Rabshakeh with a great army from Lachish to King Hezekiah at Jerusalem
The annals of Sennacherib do list a route that he took: He went from victory to victory: Sidon, Ammon, Moab, Edom, Ashkelon, Ekron, and Lachish fell before him.
But this route does not account for the taking of the 46 fortified cities and villages of Judah. Nor does this account for the Bible's claim that the took all the fortified cities in the kingdom of Judah. Additionally, according to the author of Sennacherib's Campaign to Judah: new studies, a lot of information was left out and the order of events that Sennacherib does list as happening in Judah and Philistia are questionable.
The fact that Sennacherib did not follow this route is so well established that A. T. Olmstead quoted
Isaiah 10:28-32 in his monumental 650 page “History of Assyria,” with a mocking comment about how badly Hezekiah "blew" this prophecy. (from “History of Assyria,” by A. T. Olmstead, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951, pgs. 301 and 302.)
Again, the bible states Sennacherib took all the fortified cities of Judah. Sennacherib states he took 46 fortified cities, as well as an unnumbered amount of villages. Neither the books of Kings or Chronicles nor Sennecharib's annals tell us the route with which he took to conquer all of the cities of Judah (46 fortified cities, un numbered villages). All we know is that he did.
My point here is simply this one point, that it has been thoroughly established that Sennacherib did not invade Judea along the path described in
Isaiah 10:28-32.
What has not been established is the path that Sennacherib took to conquer the 46 fortified cities and unnumbered villages that he claimed. What has not been established is the exact path that Sennacherib took to conquer ALL the fortified cities of the kingdom of Judah.
What has been established is that according to the Bible, Sennacherib took all the fortified cities of the kingdom of Judah.