NEWSFLASH: THIS STORY IS NOT A PARABLE!
This is not symbolic language. If it was just a parable, there would not be specific names of familiar people like Abraham and his spiritual location. Why describe two locations that exist after death in detail to symbolically mean something else if they did not exist? What moral truth would be gained from something abstract?
Before Christ, the concept of the afterlife was real to the Jews, yet not completely clear. Jesus came and cleared things up about it. Those who did not live by faith, went to Sheol. Those who lived by faith went to Abraham's Bosom, which is to say they were greeted by Abraham and given a welcoming hug. One location had loneliness and torment and the other peace and love.
Jesus' parables were always about common experiences that people could relate to and draw meaning out of. His parables did not use detailed descriptions of fictional, abstract territories.
The message to us is that this rich man died and went to a place of fire and torment. This wasn't his grave or tomb. He didn't become extinct when he died nor is he sleeping. He is consciously aware of his state of existence. He asks for only a drop of water since when he was living, the beggar only asked for scraps of food from him. Notice how his pride is no longer with him and he is humbled. Yet is it real humility or just another act of manipulation? He was hoping for mercy and to receive more than a drop. When he realized there was no relief or mercy for him in any way, he asked to send Lazarus to his brothers to warn them of this place of torment. What ... more fictitious people? No, they are real and alive on earth, but cannot be warned because as ABRAHAM himself explains, "... besides all this, between us and you there is a great chasm fixed, so that those who wish to come over from here to you may not be able, and that none may cross over from there to us." This is more information about this place and a person's state - once you are dead, your state is fixed! Catholics would not agree with this since they believe in an abstract place called Purgatory that allows for one to burn off sins before they can pass over that great chasm. Sorry, Abraham said it's FIXED. Jesus is telling us it is fixed. The last line points to Jesus death and resurrection - also a prophetic announcement of something that will soon take place not about something abstract or symbolic. Many did not believe that He rose from the dead. Also Moses was mentioned, another familiar name.
The concept of Hades was not introduced here, it had been spoken of in numerous passages: Matt. 16:18; Deut. 32:22;
Proverbs 9:18,
Proverbs 23:13, 14;
Isaiah 38:18; Psalm 9:17;
2 Peter 2:4-6;
Ezekiel 26:20, 21; Psalm 140:10.
Sheol (Hades), means the grave or pit but is more than just six feet below, it has greater depth. It comes from the word, Shaol, which means to ask, demand or require. Hades is asking, demanding and requiring souls. It is hungry and unsatisfied. Satan is behind this drawing power that tempts the unsaved soul to come to Daddy. People can store up sin and wrath which pulls them closer to their destiny. Fortunately, God has a drawing power as well and IF you happen to be on His list - be thankful. The Bottomless Pit and the Abyss are not abstract places either, they have a location - they are in deeper parts within Hades, separate from these souls, where fallen angels are imprisoned. This is also known as the underworld or netherworld, within the earth. We know fire and brimstone exist beneath the crust of the earth because we see volcanic eruptions - they are real and so are these places. The unbeliever's soul is sent to Hades to await for final judgment. These souls are already judged, but await for God's final Judgment, when He will cast all reprobates into the Lake of Fire (Hell) to be destroyed.
I suppose Jesus, when He condemned the Pharisees, was just telling another parable?
"Serpents, brood of vipers, how will you escape the judgment of Hell?" Matt. 23:33 Jesus actually said "the Gehenna". The Jews knew exactly what that meant. It was the closest idea of hell that existed on earth, a burning dump outside of Jerusalem, used for dead and diseased animals, garbage. A place that perpetually burned, where the worm did not die. It survived on the outer edges of the smoldering dump. Prior to the Jews occupying this area, the Canaanites used to sacrifice babies to Molech - they would burn them in the arms of their idols red hot arms. Ouch!