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JESUS AND THE GENOCIDE LAWS OF MOSES - Santo Calarco. Part 3 continued..
Here it comes down to our approach to Scripture. Jesus is by no means a legalist, and therefore sees no problem with breaking particular commands so long as people's needs and love are being promoted.
Doing this is how Jesus understood the fulfillment of Torah. The Pharisees in contrast had an approach to Scripture that assumed that the law should be kept, and that even if people seem to be hurt by this, Scripture should still be put first.
Jesus made it clear that things like mercy are the weightier matters of the law. Although the law prescribed sacrifice, Jesus made it clear that the same Old Testament said that God desires mercy not sacrifice!
Human need transcends law. The law itself contains restorative laws that transcend retributive laws.
Having said this I will focus now on the genocide laws in the law of Moses.
So what relevance does this have to the genocide violent laws of the Old Testament?
Having laid down this foundation let’s go a little deeper.
Let’s consider the attitude of Jesus towards divorce laws in the Old Testament.
In Matthew 19, Jesus was in debate with the Pharisees over the divorce laws recorded in Deuteronomy 24. In the laws of Moses.
The Pharisees said that Moses commanded these laws… Moses!
And Jesus agreed that Moses was the author of these laws … Not God!
Notice the way Jesus clearly distinguishes between what Moses said and what God said in contrast at the beginning.
Matthew 19:8,4
He said to them, “Because of your hardness of heart Moses allowed you to divorce your wives, but from the beginning it was not so.
God who created them from the beginning made them male and female, SAID.
Jesus pits what God said against what Moses said!
Jesus is clearly saying that God was not the author of Deuteronomy 24 but Moses was!
Moses said one thing BUT God said said something else!!
And more…
Jesus said that this law was given as a direct result of the people’s hard heart…
Now here is the very interesting part for me…
Deuteronomy 24 is a part and parcel of a body of laws that start in chapter 11 and goes right to the end of the book!
Deuteronomy 24 is part of one body of unified laws.
My point is this: Since chapter 24 did not originate with God as far as Jesus is concerned… And since it is part of a unified large body of literature starting in chapter 11…
And since this one body of laws includes the genocide passage of Deuteronomy 20…
It is very safe to conclude based on the words of Jesus that all of this violent stuff attributed to God by Moses originated with…
Moses and not God!
This is further substantiated in Matthew 5:38-39 where Jesus quotes from Deuteronomy 19:21 and negates what Moses has written…
“You have heard it said An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth but I say to you do not!”
Don’t forget that Moses said that all the laws he gave in Deuteronomy came from God and here again Jesus pits what he says against Moses.
In Acts 15 we find the church at Jerusalem in Council…
The subject was the law of Moses… Moses! See verses one through to 6.
The Apostles made the following conclusion about the law of Moses…
Acts 15:10
Now, therefore, why are you putting God to the test by placing a yoke on the neck of the disciples that neither our fathers nor we have been able to bear?
The Laws of Moses put God to the test!
Again Moses is pitted against God!
So it’s clear that not only Jesus and the early church but also the Pharisees saw that God was not the author of the laws of Moses!
These laws included slavery laws and genocide laws… And we can see that God was not the author!
Bottom line… Jesus negated any laws from Moses that were violent or retributive or did not respect human worth and dignity.
Let’s return to my original question. Did Jesus address the genocide laws of Moses in particular?
I think he did.
What most don’t realize is that Jesus referred directly to the introduction of the genocide laws of Moses. Twice.
Notice the verse introducing the genocide laws in Moses.
Deuteronomy 19:21-20:1,10-14
21 Your eye shall not pity. It shall be life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.
1 "When you go out to war against your enemies, and see horses and chariots and an army larger than your own, you shall not be afraid of them, for the LORD your God is with you, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt.
10 When you approach a city to wage war against it, offer it terms of peace. 11 If it accepts your terms and submits to you, all the people found in it will become your slaves. 12 If it does not accept terms of peace but makes war with you, then you are to lay siege to it. 13 The Lord your God will deliver it over to you and you must KILL EVERY SINGLE MALE BY THE SWORD. 14 However, the women, little children, cattle, and anything else in the city—all its plunder—you may take for yourselves as spoil. You may take from your enemies the plunder that the Lord your God has given you.
So there we have it!
Jesus commented directly on the violent genocide passsges in the law of Moses.
An eye for an eye with the introductory statement of the genocide passages in the law of Moses.
And Jesus negated that whole system of violence and retaliation.
He said “DO NOT!!”
He says that genocide and violence have no part in the kingdom.
Instead of killing our enemies Jesus says
Matthew 5:38-45
38 "You have heard that it was said, 'An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.'
39 But I say to you, Do not resist the one who is evil. But if anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also.
40 And if anyone would sue you and take your tunic, let him have your cloak as well.
41 And if anyone forces you to go one mile, go with him two miles.
42 Give to the one who begs from you, and do not refuse the one who would borrow from you.
43 "You have heard that it was said, 'You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.'
44 But I say to you, Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you,
45 so that you may be sons of your Father who is in heaven. For he makes his sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the just and on the unjust.
Oops!
Looks like God never killed enemies. He only ever blessed them.
Conclusion?
Jesus distinguished between differing aspects contained within the law of Moses. Aspects of law that were violent and retributive were negated by Jesus. Those aspects of law that were in harmony with restorative kingdom righteousness, Jesus upheld and deepened. This is what Jesus meant by fulfilling the law.
Jesus said that God did not command the divorce or genocide laws. Jesus did not attribute everything Moses said to God - even though Moses may have believed differently. Even the Pharisees referred to these laws as the law of Moses!
Jesus calls his followers to enemy love - not genocide.
Knowing the difference between restorative and retributive justice and righteousness is to understand the way of the kingdom of Jesus and his attitude to the Law.
So did Jesus break the law? Yes and no!
Jesus broke retributive aspects of the law to uphold and magnify restorative laws.
Here it comes down to our approach to Scripture. Jesus is by no means a legalist, and therefore sees no problem with breaking particular commands so long as people's needs and love are being promoted.
Doing this is how Jesus understood the fulfillment of Torah. The Pharisees in contrast had an approach to Scripture that assumed that the law should be kept, and that even if people seem to be hurt by this, Scripture should still be put first.
Jesus made it clear that things like mercy are the weightier matters of the law. Although the law prescribed sacrifice, Jesus made it clear that the same Old Testament said that God desires mercy not sacrifice!
Human need transcends law. The law itself contains restorative laws that transcend retributive laws.
Having said this I will focus now on the genocide laws in the law of Moses.
So what relevance does this have to the genocide violent laws of the Old Testament?
Having laid down this foundation let’s go a little deeper.
Let’s consider the attitude of Jesus towards divorce laws in the Old Testament.
In Matthew 19, Jesus was in debate with the Pharisees over the divorce laws recorded in Deuteronomy 24. In the laws of Moses.
The Pharisees said that Moses commanded these laws… Moses!
And Jesus agreed that Moses was the author of these laws … Not God!
Notice the way Jesus clearly distinguishes between what Moses said and what God said in contrast at the beginning.
Matthew 19:8,4
He said to them, “Because of your hardness of heart Moses allowed you to divorce your wives, but from the beginning it was not so.
God who created them from the beginning made them male and female, SAID.
Jesus pits what God said against what Moses said!
Jesus is clearly saying that God was not the author of Deuteronomy 24 but Moses was!
Moses said one thing BUT God said said something else!!
And more…
Jesus said that this law was given as a direct result of the people’s hard heart…
Now here is the very interesting part for me…
Deuteronomy 24 is a part and parcel of a body of laws that start in chapter 11 and goes right to the end of the book!
Deuteronomy 24 is part of one body of unified laws.
My point is this: Since chapter 24 did not originate with God as far as Jesus is concerned… And since it is part of a unified large body of literature starting in chapter 11…
And since this one body of laws includes the genocide passage of Deuteronomy 20…
It is very safe to conclude based on the words of Jesus that all of this violent stuff attributed to God by Moses originated with…
Moses and not God!
This is further substantiated in Matthew 5:38-39 where Jesus quotes from Deuteronomy 19:21 and negates what Moses has written…
“You have heard it said An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth but I say to you do not!”
Don’t forget that Moses said that all the laws he gave in Deuteronomy came from God and here again Jesus pits what he says against Moses.
In Acts 15 we find the church at Jerusalem in Council…
The subject was the law of Moses… Moses! See verses one through to 6.
The Apostles made the following conclusion about the law of Moses…
Acts 15:10
Now, therefore, why are you putting God to the test by placing a yoke on the neck of the disciples that neither our fathers nor we have been able to bear?
The Laws of Moses put God to the test!
Again Moses is pitted against God!
So it’s clear that not only Jesus and the early church but also the Pharisees saw that God was not the author of the laws of Moses!
These laws included slavery laws and genocide laws… And we can see that God was not the author!
Bottom line… Jesus negated any laws from Moses that were violent or retributive or did not respect human worth and dignity.
Let’s return to my original question. Did Jesus address the genocide laws of Moses in particular?
I think he did.
What most don’t realize is that Jesus referred directly to the introduction of the genocide laws of Moses. Twice.
Notice the verse introducing the genocide laws in Moses.
Deuteronomy 19:21-20:1,10-14
21 Your eye shall not pity. It shall be life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.
1 "When you go out to war against your enemies, and see horses and chariots and an army larger than your own, you shall not be afraid of them, for the LORD your God is with you, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt.
10 When you approach a city to wage war against it, offer it terms of peace. 11 If it accepts your terms and submits to you, all the people found in it will become your slaves. 12 If it does not accept terms of peace but makes war with you, then you are to lay siege to it. 13 The Lord your God will deliver it over to you and you must KILL EVERY SINGLE MALE BY THE SWORD. 14 However, the women, little children, cattle, and anything else in the city—all its plunder—you may take for yourselves as spoil. You may take from your enemies the plunder that the Lord your God has given you.
So there we have it!
Jesus commented directly on the violent genocide passsges in the law of Moses.
An eye for an eye with the introductory statement of the genocide passages in the law of Moses.
And Jesus negated that whole system of violence and retaliation.
He said “DO NOT!!”
He says that genocide and violence have no part in the kingdom.
Instead of killing our enemies Jesus says
Matthew 5:38-45
38 "You have heard that it was said, 'An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.'
39 But I say to you, Do not resist the one who is evil. But if anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also.
40 And if anyone would sue you and take your tunic, let him have your cloak as well.
41 And if anyone forces you to go one mile, go with him two miles.
42 Give to the one who begs from you, and do not refuse the one who would borrow from you.
43 "You have heard that it was said, 'You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.'
44 But I say to you, Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you,
45 so that you may be sons of your Father who is in heaven. For he makes his sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the just and on the unjust.
Oops!
Looks like God never killed enemies. He only ever blessed them.
Conclusion?
Jesus distinguished between differing aspects contained within the law of Moses. Aspects of law that were violent and retributive were negated by Jesus. Those aspects of law that were in harmony with restorative kingdom righteousness, Jesus upheld and deepened. This is what Jesus meant by fulfilling the law.
Jesus said that God did not command the divorce or genocide laws. Jesus did not attribute everything Moses said to God - even though Moses may have believed differently. Even the Pharisees referred to these laws as the law of Moses!
Jesus calls his followers to enemy love - not genocide.
Knowing the difference between restorative and retributive justice and righteousness is to understand the way of the kingdom of Jesus and his attitude to the Law.
So did Jesus break the law? Yes and no!
Jesus broke retributive aspects of the law to uphold and magnify restorative laws.
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