I think the more important difference between the Greek and Hebrew world views does not revolve around the nature of the soul, but around the idea that the Greeks believed in logic and rationality and the power of the human mind as a tool that was capable of revealing truth to thinking man.
Jerusalem is more about truth as revelation from God. It is a 'thing is true because the Bible tells me so', or 'the prophets tell me so'; and the prophets are those defined as those who have had the Spirit of the Living God poured out into them.
Jerusalem introduces us to the personal God involved in personal relationships with his people, and with love is derived the understanding that morality comes from God. Love needs no reason; it is all about connection and relationship, give and take, and sharing.
The Socratic method of deriving the morality of a thing is quite a different affair. If a thing is deemed to be good and moral, it ought to be able to be demonstrated according to the laws of logic and natural reasoning.
Christianity, through Paul's Hellenic training, and through John's understanding of the Revealed Word of God, Jesus, as the Greek Logos, melds the two world views into Christianity.
Hence, when Paul says there is no longer Greek nor Jew in Jesus, he really means it. East is East and West is West, and the twain meets in Christ.
Actually, Aristotle wasn't the problem. Plato was:
Christoplatonism | What He Is Teaching Me
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Why are people resistant to the idea that Heaven could be physical?
Alcorn suggests that we, as Christians, have been influenced by those before us who took on a set of views called christoplatonism. This is basically just a big word that combines the two people who molded the view – Christ, and the Greek philosopher Plato. Alcorn says that “Plato…believed that material things, including the human body and the earth, are evil, while immaterial things such as the soul and Heaven are good.” So while Christ has influenced us by giving us a way to access Heaven and by showing us that Heaven is good, Plato has influenced us by convincing us that anything physical is bad, therefore we believe that if want to access Heaven, it must not be physical. Unfortunately, this isn’t Biblical, and worse, it causes us to reject the idea of a bodily resurrection when Christ returns, or to reject the idea that the New Earth will be a physical place with physical characteristics.
Evidence that the Present Heaven Could Be Physical
Earth complements Heaven. Hebrews 8:5, when speaking of the High Priest, says “They serve at a sanctuary that is a copy and shadow of what is in heaven. This is why Moses was warned when he was about to build the tabernacle: ‘See to it that you make everything according to the pattern shown you on the mountain.’ ” (emphasis added). This suggests that earth is a copy/shadow of what is in Heaven – that the characteristics of earth are derived from a Heavenly source. And Romans 1:20 says “For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse.” This says that God’s qualities are made evident through His creation – earth and everything in it. If earth’s characteristics are derived from both Heaven’s characteristics and God’s characteristics, we should think of earth as complementary to Heaven instead of opposite to Heaven. And if earth is physical, then it is completely possible that Heaven is also physical.
Present Heaven Described as Paradise.
At the end of Luke 23, as Jesus is dying, one of the thieves hanging on the cross next to him says “Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom” (v. 42), to which Jesus replies “I tell you the truth, today you will be with me in paradise.” (v. 43). This word translated into paradise is the Greek word paradeisos, which Strong’s concordance says is based off a Persian word which means “a grand enclosure or preserve, hunting ground, park, shady and well watered…” Another similar sounding place is mentioned in Genesis 2 – the garden of Eden. Verses 8-9 say “Now the LORD God had planted a garden in the east, in Eden; and there he put the man he had formed. And the LORD God made all kinds of trees grow out of the ground—trees that were pleasing to the eye and good for food. In the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.” We know that after Adam and Eve were kicked out of Eden, it was not destroyed. Genesis 3:23-24 says “So the LORD God banished him from the Garden of Eden to work the ground from which he had been taken. After he drove the man out, he placed on the east side of the Garden of Eden cherubim and a flaming sword flashing back and forth to guard the way to the tree of life.” And Revelation 2:7 tells us “To him who overcomes, I will give the right to eat from the tree of life, which is in the paradise of God.” So we know that the tree of life still exists – it was a physical object that existed in the Garden of Eden at the beginning of time, it still exists today, and it will someday be located on the New Earth, in the New Jerusalem (see Revelation 22:2). If the tree of life was in Eden back then, we can assume it still is – therefore the Garden of Eden is likely still around (probably in the present Heaven), and could be the paradise that Jesus spoke of in Luke 23. What is most relevant about all this is that the Garden of Eden was a physical place when Adam and Even lived there, and it probably still is. Therefore, if it currently resides in the present Heaven (and will someday reside in the New Heaven/Earth), they are most likely physical places as well.
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TIME: Why, then, have we misread those verses?
Wright: It has, originally, to do with the translation of Jewish ideas into Greek. The New Testament is deeply, deeply Jewish, and the Jews had for some time been intuiting a final, physical resurrection. They believed that the world of space and time and matter is messed up, but remains basically good, and God will eventually sort it out and put it right again. Belief in that goodness is absolutely essential to Christianity, both theologically and morally. But Greek-speaking Christians influenced by Plato saw our cosmos as shabby and misshapen and full of lies, and the idea was not to make it right, but to escape it and leave behind our material bodies. The church at its best has always come back toward the Hebrew view, but there have been times when the Greek view was very influential.
TIME: Can you give some historical examples?
Wright: Two obvious ones are Dante's great poetry, which sets up a Heaven, Purgatory and Hell immediately after death, and Michelangelo's Last Judgment in the Sistine chapel, which portrays heaven and hell as equal and opposite last destinations. Both had enormous influence on Western culture, so much so that many Christians think that is Christianity.
TIME: But it's not.
Wright: Never at any point do the Gospels or Paul say Jesus has been raised, therefore we are we are all going to heaven. They all say, Jesus is raised, therefore the new creation has begun, and we have a job to do.