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Actually while the people of Israel never were eliminated, the nation was several times, and was only reformed recently. Israel as a people never died, true. One must read Isaiah as a whole, not lift out the particular chapter in question.
“But you, O Israel, My servant, Jacob, you whom I have chosen, offspring of Abraham who loved Me…and to whom I shall say: ‘You are my servant’ – I have chosen you and not rejected you.” (Isaiah 41:8-9)
“But hear now Jacob, My servant, and Israel whom I have chosen!” (Isaiah 44:1)
“Remember these things, Jacob and Israel, for you are My servant: I fashioned you to be My servant: Israel do not forget Me!” (Isaiah 44:21)
“..for the sake of My servant Jacob and Israel, My chosen one: I have proclaimed you by name…” (Isaiah 45:4)
“…say, the Lord has redeemed His servant Jacob.” (Isaiah 48:20)
“…You are my servant, Israel, in whom I take glory.” (Isaiah 49:3)
Out of context, it does seem that Israel(the nation) is being referred to.
Take a closer look at Isaiah 49. When it says Israel, its not talking about the nation, but rather 1 individual. I believe this is the Messiah talking. Look what he says:
Isaiah 49:1-6 NIV
Listen to me, you islands; hear this, you distant nations: Before I was born יהוה called me; from my mother’s womb he has spoken my name.
He made my mouth like a sharpened sword, in the shadow of his hand he hid me; he made me into a polished arrow and concealed me in his quiver.
He said to me, “You are my servant, Israel, in whom I will display my splendor.”
But I said, “I have labored in vain; I have spent my strength for nothing at all.
Yet what is due me is in the hand of יהוה, and my reward is with my God.”
And now יהוה says— he who formed me in the womb to be his servant to bring Jacob back to him and gather Israel to himself, for I am honored in the eyes of יהוה and my God has been my strength— he says: “It is too small a thing for you to be my servant to restore the tribes of Jacob and bring back those of Israel I have kept.
I will also make you a light for the Gentiles, that my salvation may reach to the ends of the earth.”
Does it make more sense logically and theologically that the nation of Israel is gonna gather the nation of Israel, or that 1 singular person(the Mesisah) is gonna gather the nation of Israel back to God?
God even tells his servant that it's too small a thing for him to gather Israel - he is also gonna be a light to the nations.
The nation of Israel is not prophecied to bring itself back, but rather, the Messiah was prophecied to regather the tribes of Israel and shine the light for the Gentiles to have salvation. All right there in Isaiah 49
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