Who/what are the four horsemen of the apocalypse?

mark kennedy

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Always interpreted that read as those horsemen coming during different timelines, because it never sounded like they were all out at the same time ever. Each represented historical types of failures of kingdoms to me. Now thinking its the same guy makes sense.
It sounds like a campaign, Napoleon was suspected in his day of being the Antichrist. His reign didn't start out with battles and conquest, it actually started out with parades and ceremonies. Eventually all of Europe was drawn into terrible conflict but it started with Napoleon rallying the crowds to what they imagined would be a glorious conquest. It goes from a kind of triumphant procession, the Antichrist sporting the bow which is some kind of a ballistic weapon. It reminds me of the parades by the Soviets and North Koreans driving their missiles as part of a parade. War doesn't come until the second seal, a great sword is given him, which seems to imply not ballistic missiles but the sword is an infantry weapon. In the wake of a third of the people of earth now dead, famine and rationing are indicated by the scale that measures out wheat and barley for a days wages. That sounds like slave labor. Always in the wake of war there is cataclysmic devastation, the fourth horseman is at an unparalleled level.

The devastation unleashed with the opening of the sixth seal has this curious description:

The stars in the sky fell to earth, as figs drop from a fig tree when shaken by a strong wind. The heavens receded like a scroll being rolled up, and every mountain and island was removed from its place. (Rev. 6:13,14)​

That sounds a lot like ICBMs, of course there are other explanations but the heavens receding like a scroll, stars falling from heaven. One has to wonder, with the devastation with so many ground forces could the nations be resorting to nuclear strikes, the rest of the description perhaps describing nuclear winter. It could account for why they are in the dens and caves of the rocks, fall out bunkers perhaps?

What is puzzling here is how they know this is the wrath of the Lamb, especially if the cataclysm of the sixth seal are man made weapons. Unless of course, the martyrs slain in the Antichrists bloody inaugural rampage prophesied the cataclysm that would follow. Whether the church is raptured before this happens or not, there is a witness, the literal meaning of martyr, that proclaims the Word of God in the midst of persecution.

Bear in mind the word translated 'tribulation' is more often used in Scripture to speak of persecution:

Tribulation (θλῖψις, thlē'-psēs G2347) In Rev. 7:14, “the great tribulation”, RV, lit., “the tribulation, the great one” (not as KJV, without the article), is not that in which all saints share; it indicates a definite period spoken of by the Lord in Matthew 24:21,29; Mark 13:19,24; where the time is mentioned as preceding His second advent, and as a period in which the Jewish nation, restored to Palestine in unbelief by gentile instrumentality, will suffer an unprecedented out burst of fury on the part of antichristian powers confederate under the Man of Sin (2 Thess. 2:10-12; Rev. 12:13-17); in this tribulation gentile witnesses for God will share (Rev. 7:9), but it will be distinctly “the time of Jacob’s trouble” (Jer. 30:7), its beginning is signalized by the setting up of the ‘abomination of desolation” (Matt. 24:15; Mark 13:14, with Dan. 11:31; 12:11).

Note: For the verb thlibo, in the passive voice rendered “suffer tribulation: in 1 Thess. 3:4, KJV (RV ‘suffer affliction’) (Vine's Expository Dictionary)
The tribulation that comes upon the earth, is precluded by the persecution 'anguish, suffering' of believers. Before the seals in Revelation 6:9-11 the martyrs cry for God to avenger their blood. Before the trumpet blasts in Rev. 8:5 a censor that represents the prayers of the saints is cast to the earth, a symbol of impending wrath. Then the prelude to the vials is a song:

“Great and marvelous are your deeds,
Lord God Almighty.
Just and true are your ways,
King of the nations.
Who will not fear you, Lord,
and bring glory to your name?
For you alone are holy.
All nations will come
and worship before you,
for your righteous acts have been revealed.” (Rev. 16:3-4)
Grace and peace,
Mark
 
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Hal A Peno

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Daniel said,

The four horseman are the four Gentile empires. Babylon, Medo\Persia, Greece and Rome. The same prophecy is repeated with more familiar illustrations in Revelation 13. This is from an article on a webpage I am re writing so it is not up yet. I start with Revelation 13 first and then go back to the four horseman.

That would make John a false prophet.
 
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Gluttonous Winebibber

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What is puzzling here is how they know this is the wrath of the Lamb

I've always thought that the evil leaders in the world knew outright what they have been working at for centuries (methodical). Everyone else that follows them is just lied to.
 
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mark kennedy

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I've always thought that the evil leaders in the world knew outright what they have been working at for centuries (methodical). Everyone else that follows them is just lied to.
I think in the preceding campaign they were reminded again and again, this had been prophesied thousands of years ago. Now hiding in deep underground bunkers they are realizing the consequences of their bloody deeds was now coming upon them. I attribute it the the witness of the martyrs and the ongoing testimony of the Two Witnesses in Jerusalem. Some say the 144,000 from the tribes of Israel are proclaiming the gospel as well. I'm not sure if they preach, but their very existence, and the fact that the armies of the Antichrist can't touch them, drives their fear and dread of wrath home with devastating effect. When the wrath of the sixth seal passes, they emerge more hardened, defiant and ruthless then ever. The Antichrist convinces them they can win, even a war with God.

Grace and peace,
Mark
 
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mark kennedy

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The four horseman are the four Gentile empires. Babylon, Medo\Persia, Greece and Rome. The same prophecy is repeated with more familiar illustrations in Revelation 13.

This is a prophecy that uses the same animal illustrations that the book of Daniel uses to prophesy about the Babylonian, Medo\Persian, Greek and Roman Empires. If you remove claimants to the throne of Roman Empire and only count those who won the contest for the emperorship in civil wars. The seven heads are the first seven emperors, The ten horns are the next ten. The forty two months or 1260 days are 1260 years from the beginning of the reign of the eleventh of the ten emperors in Daniel Chapter seven; Septimius Severus. The prophecy of an animal that looks like a lamb with two horns illustrates the Roman Empire that claimed Christianity divided into eastern and western branches.

The prophetic imagery of the Beast from the sea is thematically derived from Daniel chapters 2 and 7. The prophecies of Daniel are fulfilled but apparently, those empires never really left us.
 
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Daniel Martinovich

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The prophetic imagery of the Beast from the sea is thematically derived from Daniel chapters 2 and 7. The prophecies of Daniel are fulfilled but apparently, those empires never really left us.

I would agree those prophecies are fulfilled and that something from those empires still remain. That is what Daniel 7 says. 12. As concerning the rest of the animals, they had their empires taken away: yet their lives were prolonged for a season and time.
I think the important thing for us though is to understand what has changed in the world since that forth empire ended, 1453 AD. What brought about that change and what does the Bible say about the future? What prophetic scriptures say about this particular age, the one that was to come when the fourth empire ended?
 
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Daniel Martinovich

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The prophetic imagery of the Beast from the sea is thematically derived from Daniel chapters 2 and 7. The prophecies of Daniel are fulfilled but apparently, those empires never really left us.

I would agree those prophecies are fulfilled and that something from those empires still remain. That is what Daniel 7 says. 12. As concerning the rest of the animals, they had their empires taken away: yet their lives were prolonged for a season and time.
I think the important thing for us though is to understand what has changed in the world since that forth empire ended, 1453 AD. What brought about that change and what does the Bible say about the future? What prophetic scriptures say about this particular age, the one that was to come when the fourth empire ended?
 
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Hal A Peno

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The prophetic imagery of the Beast from the sea is thematically derived from Daniel chapters 2 and 7. The prophecies of Daniel are fulfilled but apparently, those empires never really left us.
The prophecy in Rev. 13:1 describes a beast or kingdom in the distant future. Past empires, and the symbols that were used to describe them, when those symbols are found in an unfulfilled prophecy, then they represent the region or the people, the ancient empire itself isn't implied.

How does Daniel chapter 2 play in?
 
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Daniel Martinovich

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A true prophet can't prophesy about something (past empires) that already existed.
Why can't God give the apostle a vision that contains things that are past? Especially when the vision(s) is expanding on the very same prophecies that Daniel and the prophets received? In Daniels prophecies the Roman Empire is there but it only gives details on 10 particular emperors and then an eleventh. The eleventh begins a war against the saints and overcomes them for a time period illustrated by 3 1\2 years. ( Daniel7) In Revelation this is expanded. We know John was receiving his vision during the reign of the 6th of 7 emperors and those ten emperors of Daniel are somewhere out in his future. We also have the animal that looked like a lamb with two horns that spoke like a dragon which was a prophecy of the Roman empire claiming Christianity and splitting into and eastern and western branch. So why wouldn't God contextualize Johns vision for him and us by showing just what is being referred to in relationship to dozens of chapters of OT prophecy?
 
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Daniel Martinovich

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Because then anyone can be a prophet. Rome isn't found in end-time prophecy either.
That is quite a stretch since the Roman Empire continued on almost 1400 years beyond the time John received his vision.
 
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Hal A Peno

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That is quite a stretch since the Roman Empire continued on almost 1400 years beyond the time John received his vision.
What does that have to do with it. Rome isn't found in ONE verse of bible prophecy. John, Daniel, or any other prophet never prophesied anything about Rome. Daniel 7 is a classic example of prophecy gone bad, even to the point where the main Christian interpretation of it debunks Daniel as a prophe of God, and the bible as inspired of God.
 
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mark kennedy

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The prophecy in Rev. 13:1 describes a beast or kingdom in the distant future. Past empires, and the symbols that were used to describe them, when those symbols are found in an unfulfilled prophecy, then they represent the region or the people, the ancient empire itself isn't implied.

How does Daniel chapter 2 play in?
Head of GOLD is Babylon, where Daniel makes this prophecy during the exile. He predicted the rise of the Breast and Arms of SILVER, the Medo-Persian empire, that would come to power in his lifetime. Thighs of BRASS was Greece and Alexander the Great is described in detail, long before he would defeat Darius and conquere most of the known world. Feet of IRON and CLAY was obviously Rome, still at it’s apex during the time of John.
 
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mark kennedy

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I would agree those prophecies are fulfilled and that something from those empires still remain. That is what Daniel 7 says. 12. As concerning the rest of the animals, they had their empires taken away: yet their lives were prolonged for a season and time.
I think the important thing for us though is to understand what has changed in the world since that forth empire ended, 1453 AD. What brought about that change and what does the Bible say about the future? What prophetic scriptures say about this particular age, the one that was to come when the fourth empire ended?
The 13th and 16th chapters

Then I stood on the sand of the sea. And I saw a beast rising up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and on his horns ten crowns, and on his heads a blasphemous name. Now the beast which I saw was like a leopard, his feet were like the feet of a bear, and his mouth like the mouth of a lion. (Rev. 13:1,2)​

This matches the prophecies of Daniel chapters 2 and 7:

Four great beasts, each different from the others, came up out of the sea.
  1. “The first was like a lion, and it had the wings of an eagle. I watched until its wings were torn off and it was lifted from the ground so that it stood on two feet like a human being, and the mind of a human was given to it.
  2. “And there before me was a second beast, which looked like a bear. It was raised up on one of its sides, and it had three ribs in its mouth between its teeth. It was told, ‘Get up and eat your fill of flesh!’
  3. “After that, I looked, and there before me was another beast, one that looked like a leopard. And on its back it had four wings like those of a bird. This beast had four heads, and it was given authority to rule.
  4. “After that, in my vision at night I looked, and there before me was a fourth beast—terrifying and frightening and very powerful. It had large iron teeth; it crushed and devoured its victims and trampled underfoot whatever was left. It was different from all the former beasts, and it had ten horns. (Daniel 7:3-7)
 
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Hal A Peno

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Head of GOLD is Babylon, where Daniel makes this prophecy during the exile. He predicted the rise of the Breast and Arms of SILVER, the Medo-Persian empire, that would come to power in his lifetime. Thighs of BRASS was Greece and Alexander the Great is described in detail, long before he would defeat Darius and conquere most of the known world. Feet of IRON and CLAY was obviously Rome, still at it’s apex during the time of John.

The only thing said about the second kingdom is that it's inferior to Babylon. Was Medo-Persia the kingdom inferior to Babylon? Absolutely not! The Median Empire was not only much smaller it was also short lived. The Medes are the arms of silver.

The word 'inferior' is the word "arah" which means earth, world, and ground. Daniel 2 is the only place the word inferior is translated as, 'ara' or 'GROUND! It corresponds to the word 'erets' which means LAND. Gesenius says, "the ground, and adverb below, inferior. The interlinear uses the word, 'earthward'. So if inferior means land, that rules out the Medo-Persian empire as the second empire since it was about three times the size of Babylon. It wasn't 'land inferior' to Babylon. The Median Empire was not only short-lived but it was also much smaller making it the inferior kingdom.

That makes the legs of iron and toes mingled with iron and clay the Grecian empire, not Rome.
 
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Daniel Martinovich

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The next two empires are named in Daniel's next vison. then again in Daniel's last vsion. Octavions conquering of the last section of the Greek empire is prophesied in Daniels last vsion also.
Daniel's Third Vision
Daniel 8 1. In the third year of the reign of king Belshazzar a vision appeared to me, Daniel, after that which appeared to me at the first. 2. And I saw in a vision; and it came to pass, when I saw, that I was at Shushan in the palace, which is in the province of Elam; and I saw in the vision, that I was by the river of Ulai. 3. Then I lifted up mine eyes, and saw, and, look, there stood before the river a ram which had two horns: and the two horns were high; but one was higher than the other, and the higher came up last. 4. I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; so that no animals might stand before him, neither was there any that could deliver out of his hand; but he did according to his will, and became great. 5. And as I was considering, behold, a male goat came from the west on the face of the whole earth, not touching the ground: and the goat had a notable horn between his eyes. 6. And he came to the ram that had two horns, which I had seen standing before the river, and ran up to him in the fury of his power. 7. And I saw him come close to the ram, and he was moved with rage against him, and struck the ram, and broke his two horns: and there was no power in the ram to stand before him, but he cast him down to the ground, and stamped upon him: and there was none that could deliver the ram out of his hand. 8. Therefore the male goat became very great: and when he was strong, the great horn was broken; and in it's place came up four notable ones toward the four winds of heaven. 9. And out of one of them came forth a little horn, which grew exceedingly great, toward the south, and toward the east, and toward the pleasant land. 10. And it grew great, even to the army of heaven; and it cast down some of the army and of the stars to the ground, and stamped upon them. 11. Yes, he magnified himself even to the ruler of the army, and by him the daily sacrifice was taken away, and the place of his sanctuary was cast down. 12. And an army was given him against the daily sacrifice by reason of transgression, and it cast down the truth to the ground; and it practiced, and prospered. 13. Then I heard one holy one speaking, and another holy said to that certain holy one which spoke, How long shall be the vision concerning the daily sacrifice, and the transgression of desolation, to give both the sanctuary and the army to be trodden under foot? 14. And he said to me, Until two thousand and three hundred days; then shall the sanctuary be cleansed. 15. And it came to pass, when I, Daniel, had seen the vision, and sought for the meaning, then, look, there stood before me as the appearance of a man. 16. And I heard a man's voice between the banks of Ulai, which called, and said, Gabriel, make this man understand the vision. 17. So he came near where I stood: and when he came, I was afraid, and fell upon my face: but he said to me, Understand, O son of man: for at the time of the end shall the vision be. 18. Now as he was speaking with me, I was in a deep sleep on my face toward the ground: but he touched me, and set me upright. 19. And he said, look, I will make you understand what shall be in the final period of wrath: for at the time appointed the end shall be. 20. The ram which you saw having the two horns are the kings of Media and Persia. 21. And the rough goat is the king of Greece: and the great horn that is between his eyes is the first king. 22. Now that being broken, whereas four stood in its place, four kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation, but not in his power. 23. And in the latter time of their kingdom, when the transgressors are come to the full, a king of fierce expression, skilled in intrigues, shall stand up. 24. And his power shall be mighty, but not by his own power: and he shall destroy wonderfully, and shall prosper, and accomplish, and shall destroy the mighty and the holy people. 25. And through his policy also he shall cause craft to prosper in his hand; and he shall magnify himself in his heart, and by peace shall destroy many: he shall also stand up against the Prince of princes; but he shall be broken without hand. 26. And the vision of the evening and the morning which was told is true: wherefore shut up the vision; for it shall be for many days. 27. And I Daniel fainted, and was sick certain days; afterward I rose up, and did the king's business; and I was astonished at the vision, but none understood it.
This vision occurs a few years after Daniel's second vision, still during the reign of Belshazzar. We now have our second and third kingdoms named and dated for us by an angel of the Lord. Named directly, and dated because to us they are history. There are a number of reasons you can know this is still referring to the same prophecy and not something different. Number one is the chronology of the first two prophecies. The second, third and forth kingdoms followed Babylon without saying exactly how they follow each other. In this prophecy it does say how they follow each other. Each successive kingdom conquers the one before it. Medo-Persia conquered Babylon. Greece conquered Medo-Perisa. Though not named here, in Daniels other prophecies Rome conquers Greece. The article will now refer to these kingdoms as empires. Empire is the modern terminology most people use to describe these kingdoms. To many people the word kingdom denotes the reign of one king and the geographical area he rules over. where as the word empire denotes the long term rule over a geographical area by a certain people with many kings. These are not the proper definitions of these words but they will suffice for the purposes of this article.
The different illustrations in each vision also show that they are prophesying the same events adding other details with every vision. The breast and arms of silver in the first vision show only a second empire, now revealed as Medo-Persia. The second vision shows Medo-Persia as a bear; "and it raised up itself on one side." In the third vision it's a ram with two horns: "and the two horns were high; but one was higher than the other, and the higher came up last." Both of these illustrations show the Medes dominating this empire at first but the Persians dominating it by its end at the greatest extent of its power. The other detail is the bear "has three ribs in it's mouth." This corresponds to the ram "pushing westward, and northward, and southward; so that no animals might stand before him." The reason for this is the Mede's and Persians conquered three major empires, Babylon, Lydia and Egypt. These were "westward, and northward, and southward" of them. A short story of the night Babylon was conquered can be found in Daniel Chapter 5.
Likewise the belly and thighs of brass in Daniels first vision only reveal a third empire. The angel has now revealed it as Greece. The leopard known for it's speed the male goat coming "from the west on the face of the whole earth, not touching the ground" are illustrations of the speed in which the Greek Empire would conquer that part of the world. The angel also states that the notable horn is the first emperor which we know by history to be Alexander the Great. The four wings on the leopard of the second prophecy and the four horns that take the place of the one horn on the male goat is interpreted as being the Greek Empire being divided up four ways. We know through history that it was divided up between four of Alexander's generals who then reigned as kings over their piece of the Greek Empire. The little horn that arises near the end of what the Bible is still calling the Greek Empire is Antiochus IV Epiphanies. Because of what he does to the Israelites a great amount of prophecy is devoted to him in the book of Daniel. In short, he got a large number of the Israelites to apostatize and make sacrifices to Zeus. Then after a humiliating affair with Rome he got back into Jerusalem deceitfully. He murdered and sold into slavery approx. 160,000 Jews. He stopped the daily offering and desecrated the temple. Plundered and burned the city. Burned the books of the law, forbad any celebrations of any of the feasts. He set up an idol of Zeus at the alter of burnt offering. He sacrificed a pig on the alter. (The abomination of desolation.) He forced the Jews to sacrifice a pig on the 25th of each month to celebrate his birthday. He sought to exterminate Judaism and Hellenize them. ie: Convert them to the customs and religion of the Greeks. More on him will be spoken about later.
This chapter is the first to really make use of the term "the end" or as modern Christianity calls it: "End times." 17. So he came near where I stood: and when he came, I was afraid, and fell upon my face: but he said to me, Understand,O son of man: for at the time of the end shall the vision be. 18. Now as he was speaking with me, I was in a deep sleep on my face toward the ground: but he touched me, and set me upright. 19. And he said, look, I will make you understand what shall be in the final period of wrath: for at the time appointed the end shall be. The difference with these references in the angels interpretation and pop-eschatology is that the angel assigns an approximate date to the end. In popular eschatology however, that date is always somewhere in the near the future. This approximate date of this particular end time in Daniels third vision will be shown in the next section of this article.
 
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Daniel Martinovich

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The only thing said about the second kingdom is that it's inferior to Babylon. Was Medo-Persia the kingdom inferior to Babylon? Absolutely not! The Median Empire was not only much smaller it was also short lived. The Medes are the arms of silver.

The word 'inferior' is the word "arah" which means earth, world, and ground. Daniel 2 is the only place the word inferior is translated as, 'ara' or 'GROUND! It corresponds to the word 'erets' which means LAND. Gesenius says, "the ground, and adverb below, inferior. The interlinear uses the word, 'earthward'. So if inferior means land, that rules out the Medo-Persian empire as the second empire since it was about three times the size of Babylon. It wasn't 'land inferior' to Babylon. The Median Empire was not only short-lived but it was also much smaller making it the inferior kingdom.

That makes the legs of iron and toes mingled with iron and clay the Grecian empire, not Rome.

The 2nd and 3rd empires are named again here:

Daniel 11:1 Also I in the first year of Darius the Mede, even I, stood to confirm and to strengthen him. The angel speaking to Daniel, and laying out the subject matter of this prophecy. Which is: What will happen to Daniels people in the future.
2. And now will I show you the truth. Look, there shall stand up yet three kings in Persia; (Ahasuerus, Artaxerxes and Darius Hystaspes) and the fourth (Xerxes) shall be far richer than all of them: and by his strength through his riches he shall stir up all against the realm of Greeks.
3. And a mighty king shall stand up, (Alexander the Great) that shall rule with great dominion, and do according to his will.
4. And when he shall stand up, his kingdom shall be broken, and shall be divided toward the four winds of heaven; and not to his posterity, nor according to his dominion which he ruled: for his kingdom shall be plucked up, even for others beside those. (Alexander's empire was divided up between four of his generals. Seleucus over Syria and Mesopotamia, Ptolemy over Egypt, Lysimacus over Thrace and portions of Asia Minor, and Cassander over Macedonia and Greece)

Daniel 11 then goes through the wars between the decndents of Seleucus and Ptolemy with Israel in between them. It ends up here:
36. And the king (Herod The Great) shall do according to his will; and he shall exalt himself, and magnify himself above every god, and shall speak marvelous things against the God of gods, and shall prosper till the indignation be accomplished: for that that is determined shall be done.
37. Neither shall he regard the God of his fathers, nor the desire of women, nor regard any god: for he shall magnify himself above all.
38. But in his estate shall he honor the God of forces: and a god whom his fathers knew not shall he honor with gold, and silver, and with precious stones, and pleasant things.
39. Thus shall he do in the most strong holds with a strange god, whom he shall acknowledge and increase with glory: and he shall cause them to rule over many, and shall divide the land for gain.

Then here:
40. And at the time of the end ( The end in as foretold Daniel 8:17-19 and 9:26-27) shall the king of the south (Cleopatra, her siblings allied with Mark Antony) push at him (Rome;) (Cleopatra was also pushing at Herod): and the king of the north (Octavian soon to be named Augustus) shall come against him like a whirlwind, with chariots, and with horsemen, and with many ships; and he shall enter into the countries, and shall overflow and pass over.
41. He shall enter also into the glorious land, and many countries shall be overthrown: but these shall escape out of his hand, even Edom, and Moab, and the chief of the children of Ammon.
42. He shall stretch forth his hand also upon the countries: and the land of Egypt shall not escape.
43. But he shall have power over the treasures of gold and of silver, and over all the precious things of Egypt: and the Libyans and the Ethiopians shall be at his steps. Thus we have the final part of the 3rd empire (Greece,) of end time prophecy completely conquered by the fourth empire (Roman) of that same prophecy.
44. But tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him: therefore he shall go forth with great fury to destroy, and utterly to make away many. These were wars that happened between Rome and neighboring kingdoms immediately after the last part of the Greek empire was conquered. However because verse 45 seems to refer to Herod (The Great) once more some like to tie verse 44 into him It fits both scenario's within the time frame given by scripture perfectly so it doesn't seem to matter which is chosen.
45. And he shall plant the tabernacles of his palace between the seas in the glorious holy mountain; yet he shall come to his end, and none shall help him.






 
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Hal A Peno

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The 2nd and 3rd empires are named again here:

Daniel 11:1 Also I in the first year of Darius the Mede, even I, stood to confirm and to strengthen him. The angel speaking to Daniel, and laying out the subject matter of this prophecy. Which is: What will happen to Daniels people in the future.
2. And now will I show you the truth. Look, there shall stand up yet three kings in Persia; (Ahasuerus, Artaxerxes and Darius Hystaspes) and the fourth (Xerxes) shall be far richer than all of them: and by his strength through his riches he shall stir up all against the realm of Greeks.
3. And a mighty king shall stand up, (Alexander the Great) that shall rule with great dominion, and do according to his will.
4. And when he shall stand up, his kingdom shall be broken, and shall be divided toward the four winds of heaven; and not to his posterity, nor according to his dominion which he ruled: for his kingdom shall be plucked up, even for others beside those. (Alexander's empire was divided up between four of his generals. Seleucus over Syria and Mesopotamia, Ptolemy over Egypt, Lysimacus over Thrace and portions of Asia Minor, and Cassander over Macedonia and Greece)

Daniel 11 then goes through the wars between the decndents of Seleucus and Ptolemy with Israel in between them. It ends up here:
36. And the king (Herod The Great) shall do according to his will; and he shall exalt himself, and magnify himself above every god, and shall speak marvelous things against the God of gods, and shall prosper till the indignation be accomplished: for that that is determined shall be done.
37. Neither shall he regard the God of his fathers, nor the desire of women, nor regard any god: for he shall magnify himself above all.
38. But in his estate shall he honor the God of forces: and a god whom his fathers knew not shall he honor with gold, and silver, and with precious stones, and pleasant things.
39. Thus shall he do in the most strong holds with a strange god, whom he shall acknowledge and increase with glory: and he shall cause them to rule over many, and shall divide the land for gain.

Then here:
40. And at the time of the end ( The end in as foretold Daniel 8:17-19 and 9:26-27) shall the king of the south (Cleopatra, her siblings allied with Mark Antony) push at him (Rome;) (Cleopatra was also pushing at Herod): and the king of the north (Octavian soon to be named Augustus) shall come against him like a whirlwind, with chariots, and with horsemen, and with many ships; and he shall enter into the countries, and shall overflow and pass over.
41. He shall enter also into the glorious land, and many countries shall be overthrown: but these shall escape out of his hand, even Edom, and Moab, and the chief of the children of Ammon.
42. He shall stretch forth his hand also upon the countries: and the land of Egypt shall not escape.
43. But he shall have power over the treasures of gold and of silver, and over all the precious things of Egypt: and the Libyans and the Ethiopians shall be at his steps. Thus we have the final part of the 3rd empire (Greece,) of end time prophecy completely conquered by the fourth empire (Roman) of that same prophecy.
44. But tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him: therefore he shall go forth with great fury to destroy, and utterly to make away many. These were wars that happened between Rome and neighboring kingdoms immediately after the last part of the Greek empire was conquered. However because verse 45 seems to refer to Herod (The Great) once more some like to tie verse 44 into him It fits both scenario's within the time frame given by scripture perfectly so it doesn't seem to matter which is chosen.
45. And he shall plant the tabernacles of his palace between the seas in the glorious holy mountain; yet he shall come to his end, and none shall help him.

In the first year of Darius.???

Darius the Mede conquered Babylon...
Daniel 5:31
"And Darius the Median took the kingdom, (Babylon) being about threescore and two years old."

Isaiah 13:17
"Behold, I will stir up the Medes against them, ie.(Babylon)

Jeremiah 51:11 Make bright the arrows; gather the shields: the LORD hath raised up the spirit of the kings of the Medes: for his device is against Babylon, to destroy it; because it is the vengeance of the LORD, the vengeance of his temple.

The Medes are the arms of silver. Persia the thighs of bronze. Greece the legs of iron.

As far as Daniel 11 goes, I'm not settled on it yet, It may be nearly all FUTURE, and it does resemble Saddam Hussein's political career quite well.
But that would be a major thread derailment.
 
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