What I'm trying to understand is what's the difference between the soul and the "breath" God gave Adam?
Every one who studies the Bible ought to eventually ask your question because it is confusing.
How is it that we believe there is a body, soul, and spirit?
The Biblical composition of man is not as many think – body/soul/spirit – this is pure Greek philosophy adopted into the western philosophical tradition. The terms in the Greek language were defined by Greek ideas and not Hebrew ideas.
Western philosophy starting with the ancient Greeks (Plato particularly) thought of soulishness as an entity – something that exists apart, i.e. on its own just as body exists on its own. In Greek philosophy and religions, the soul was immortal. It existed endlessly before birth and after death. Greek spirit or spirits were the mechanisms that animated the world of nature and the affairs of men. So there were spirits for weather, water, mountain, sea, river, animal, crop, fate, fertility, governments and armies. Neither use in the Greek corresponds with what is the Biblical view of spirit and soul. Soul and spirit in Greek were very different from the meaning in Hebrew or Aramaic words translated into Greek.
Furthermore, this Greek philosophy has infiltrated western Christian theology because the New Testament texts were transmitted in the Greek language from the first centuries and through western philosophy to all western languages including English. Even western translations of the Bible (English versions included) are captured by the Greek philosophy that man is body, soul, and spirit and so translate the passages using English words whose definitions have these Greek philosophical presuppositions. So, we in the Western (Greek) philosophical tradition are trapped in seeing the scriptures as teaching a body/soul/spirit as the composition of man rather than what is intended by the Hebrew and Aramaic languages.
The biblical view of the composition of man is of a body (dust) + spirit (divine breath) = soul or man. Soul and man are equivalent terms.
Genesis reveals a body created by God and animated by the Breath of God (Spirit) becomes a living soul. Living soul equates to human being. A soul is the body made from the elements of the earth that has the spirit of life “blown” into it by God. This life spirit is from God and does not belong to man but is, so to speak, on loan from God. Man is a living soul. That is, an earthly body animated and made alive by life (Spirit) from God.
The breath of every human being is the Spirit of breath on loan from the Holy God and does not belong to humans. When man sins he will become separated from the Holy God and thus from the life Spirit of the Holy God – this is why sin causes death. Because of sin man looses the breath of life belonging to God. What is left is a decaying body made of the dust of the earth.
There is nothing of man that is automatically immortal or even everlasting apart from divine intervention. Anyone’s existence after death continues to be a creative act of YHWH. It is YHWH who provides everlasting life rather than humans having a soulish immortality or a spiritual survival after death. To place themselves into the correct understanding believers ought to know that when God quits thinking about us - or about the earth, or the universe – it isn’t anymore – gone as if it had never been. Every man that has lived existed only because God has provided the gift of life, and every man alive or that will live only exists because God has provided the gift of life. Life is the breath of God and therefore, very, very holy.
The translation into the Greek language of what the Lord Jesus taught in Aramaic (a version of Hebrew) and what was written in the Old Testament did not have Greek words with ideas that corresponded exactly to Hebrew ideas. H. Wheeler Robinson, New Testament and Greek scholar, demonstrates in his commentaries how the Greek philosophy has corrupted the terms used mainly by the Apostle Paul.
This was a long answer to say, No, we don’t have a relationship with our flesh. Biblically, we are our flesh and only our flesh. This is what the resurrection on the last Day or Judgment Day is about – resurrection of the physical/fleshly body and not the resurrection of ghosts. You know, the sea will give up its dead, etc. Most reject this biblical revelation because they like the pagan Greek idea - the idea that they are immortals and not dependant upon YHWH for existence after the body dies.
Even if all this is too strange to accept, readers ought to at least realize the problems encountered in the Greek and English texts over the confusing use of body/soul/spirit has to do with English definitions of words used to translate words and ideas that do not have exact correspondece.
Here is the clearest example of the issue:
Biblically the nature of man is described in Genesis 2:7.
Literally it reads: “and-he-is-forming YHWH Elohim the-human soil from the-ground and-he-is-blowing in-nostrils-of-him spirit-of living-ones and-he-is-becoming the-human to-soul-of living.”
In a little less literally translation it reads: “ And YHWH Elohim forms the man -- dust from the ground, and blows into his nostrils spirit of life, and the man becomes a living soul.” Adam did not become a soul without a body or a body/soul/spirit composition. What Adam became was a man. Man is a soul. Soul is an earthly body made alive by the Spirit of God.
Again we find a soul in Genesis 46:27 just after all the descendants of Israel are listed in verses 8 -26. It is said of them literally, “and-the-sons-of Joseph who he-was-born to-him in-Egypt soul two; all-of the-soul of-the-house Jacob the-one-coming toward-Egypt seventy.”
Or a little less literal translation would read, “and the sons of Joseph, who were born to him in Egypt were two souls; all the souls of the house of Jacob, who came to Egypt, were seventy souls.”
Did 70 disembodied souls go to Egypt?
Were Jacob’s boys ghosts/souls?
Were there the two disembodied souls or were the sons of Joseph born in Egypt?