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THE ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS BY JOSEPHUS
3.6.4 (lines 122-126)
As for the inside, Moses parted its length into three partitions. At the distance of ten cubits from the most secret end, Moses placed four pillars, the workmanship of which was the very same with that of the rest; and they stood upon the like bases with them, each a small matter distant from his fellow. Now the room within those pillars was the most holy place; but the rest of the room was the tabernacle, which was open for the priests. However, this proportion of the measures of the tabernacle proved to be an imitation of the system of the world; for that third part thereof which was within the four pillars, to which the priests were not admitted, is, as it were, a heaven peculiar to God. But the space of the twenty cubits, is, as it were, sea and land, on which men live, and so this part is peculiar to the priests only. But at the front, where the entrance was made, they placed pillars of gold, that stood on bases of brass, in number seven; but then they spread over the tabernacle veils of fine linen and purple, and blue, and scarlet colors, embroidered. The first veil was ten cubits every way, and this they spread over the pillars which parted the temple, and kept the most holy place concealed within; and this veil was that which made this part not visible to any. Now the whole temple was called The Holy Place: but that part which was within the four pillars, and to which none were admitted, was called The Holy of Holies. This veil was very ornamental, and embroidered with all sorts of flowers which the earth produces; and there were interwoven into it all sorts of variety that might be an ornament, excepting the forms of animals.
3.7.7
Now here one may wonder at the ill-will which men bear to us, and which they profess to bear on account of our despising that Deity which they pretend to honor; for if any one do but consider the fabric of the tabernacle, and take a view of the garments of the high priest, and of those vessels which we make use of in our sacred ministration, he will find that our legislator was a divine man, and that we are unjustly reproached by others; for if any one do without prejudice, and with judgment, look upon these things, he will find they were every one made in way of imitation and representation of the universe. When Moses distinguished the tabernacle into three parts, and allowed two of them to the priests, as a place accessible and common, he denoted the land and the sea, these being of general access to all; but he set apart the third division for God, because heaven is inaccessible to men. And when he ordered twelve loaves to be set on the table, he denoted the year, as distinguished into so many months. By branching out the candlestick into seventy parts, he secretly intimated the Decani, or seventy divisions of the planets; and as to the seven lamps upon the candlesticks, they referred to the course of the planets, of which that is the number. The veils, too, which were composed of four things, they declared the four elements; for the fine linen was proper to signify the earth, because the flax grows out of the earth; the purple signified the sea, because that color is dyed by the blood of a sea shell-fish; the blue is fit to signify the air; and the scarlet will naturally be an indication of fire. Now the vestment of the high priest being made of linen, signified the earth; the blue denoted the sky, being like lightning in its pomegranates, and in the noise of the bells resembling thunder. And for the ephod, it showed that God had made the universe of four elements; and as for the gold interwoven, I suppose it related to the splendor by which all things are enlightened. He also appointed the breastplate to be placed in the middle of the ephod, to resemble the earth, for that has the very middle place of the world. And the girdle which encompassed the high priest round, signified the ocean, for that goes round about and includes the universe. Each of the sardonyxes declares to us the sun and the moon; those, I mean, that were in the nature of buttons on the high priest's shoulders. And for the twelve stones, whether we understand by them the months, or whether we understand the like number of the signs of that circle which the Greeks call the Zodiac, we shall not be mistaken in their meaning. And for the mitre, which was of a blue color, it seems to me to mean heaven; for how otherwise could the name of God be inscribed upon it? That it was also illustrated with a crown, and that of gold also, is because of that splendor with which God is pleased.
But I am the Lord thy God,
that divided the sea, whose waves roared:
the Lord of hosts is his name.
And I have put my words in thy mouth,
and I have covered thee in the shadow of mine hand,
that I may plant the heavens, and lay the foundations of the earth,
and say unto Zion, Thou art my people.
Isaiah 51:15-16
Thus saith the Lord, which giveth the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances (choq #2706) of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, which divideth the sea when the waves thereof roar; The Lord of hosts is his name: if those ordinances (chuqqah #2708) depart from before me, saith the Lord, then the seed of Israel also shall cease from being a nation before me for ever.
Jeremiah 31:35-36
CHOQ #2706
Strong's Concordance
choq: something prescribed or owed, a statute
Original Word: חֹק
Part of Speech: Noun Masculine
Transliteration: choq
Phonetic Spelling: (khoke)
Short Definition: statutes
NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Origin
from chaqaq
Definition
something prescribed or owed, a statute
NASB Translation
allotment (5), boundaries (1), boundary (2), conditions (1), custom (1), decree (5), due (5), fixed order (1), limit (2), limits (1), measure (1), necessary food (1), ordinance (4), portion (3), portions (1), prescribed portion (1), rations (1), required amount (1), resolves (1), statute (9), statutes (79), thing...due (1), what is appointed (1).
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
appointed, bound, commandment, convenient, custom, decreed, due, law,
From chaqaq; an enactment; hence, an appointment (of time, space, quantity, labor or usage) -- appointed, bound, commandment, convenient, custom, decree(-d), due, law, measure, X necessary, ordinance(- nary), portion, set time, statute, task.
CHOQ #2706
CHUQQAH #2708
Strong's Concordance
chuqqah: something prescribed, an enactment, statute
Original Word: חֻקָּה
Part of Speech: Noun Feminine
Transliteration: chuqqah
Phonetic Spelling: (khook-kaw')
Short Definition: statutes
NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Origin
fem. of choq
Definition
something prescribed, an enactment, statute
NASB Translation
appointed (1), customs (5), due (1), fixed order (1), fixed patterns (1), ordinance (5), ordinances (1), statute (25), statutes (62), statutory (2).
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
appointed, custom, manner, ordinance, site, statute
Feminine of choq, and meaning substantially the same -- appointed, custom, manner, ordinance, site, statute.
CHUQQAH (#2708)
But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night; in the which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements (stoicheion #4747) shall melt with fervent heat, the earth also and the works that are therein shall be burned up. Looking for and hasting unto the coming of the day of God, wherein the heavens being on fire shall be dissolved, and the elements (stoicheion #4747) shall melt with fervent heat?
2 Peter 3:10,12
STOICHEION #4747
Strong's Concordance
stoicheion: one of a row, hence a letter (of the alphabet), by ext. the elements (of knowledge)
Original Word: στοιχεῖον, ου, τό
Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter
Transliteration: stoicheion
Phonetic Spelling: (stoy-khi'-on)
Short Definition: a heavenly body, an element
Definition: (a) plur: the heavenly bodies, (b) a rudiment, an element, a rudimentary principle, an elementary rule.
HELPS Word-studies
4747 stoixeíon– properly, fundamentals, like with the basic components of a philosophy, structure, etc.; (figuratively) "first principles," like the basic fundamentals of Christianity.
[4747 (stoixeíon) refers to "the rudiments with which mankind . . . were indoctrinated (before the time of Christ), i.e. the elements of religious training or the ceremonial precepts common alike to the worship of Jews and of Gentiles" (J. Thayer).
The RSV however renders stoixeia as "elemental spirits," i.e. spiritual powers or "cosmic spirits" (DNTT, 2, 828). This views 4747 /stoixeíon ("elements") as ancient astral beings associated with the very beginning (make-up) of the earth.]
NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Origin
from the same as stoicheó
Definition
one of a row, hence a letter (of the alphabet), by ext. the elements (of knowledge)
NASB Translation
elemental things (2), elementary principles (2), elementary* (1), elements (2), principles (1).
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
element, principle, rudiment.
Neuter of a presumed derivative of the base of stoicheo; something orderly in arrangement, i.e. (by implication) a serial (basal, fundamental, initial) constituent (literally), proposition (figuratively) -- element, principle, rudiment.
STOICHEION (#4747)
They're practically identical words. The Greek word stoicheion appears in only 7 verses in the New Testament - Galatians 4:3,9; Colossians 2:8,20; Hebrews 5:12; 2 Peter 3:10,12.
I hope this post has edified your souls and opened up deeper meanings to God's word. God Bless!
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