Did Paul incorrectly quote Hosea, when he claimed that Gentiles are now God's people?
Of course not...but this is a faulty interpretation what both Hosea and Paul said. The question itself indicates a lack of understanding for what the Jews were "chosen" for.
If you were to make the case that more than a remnant of gentiles are fulfilling the great commission, then I'd say the chosen people have accomplished the mission they were chosen for, but according to Rev 7 they still have an end-times job to do.
So the verses in Romans 9 are related to several verses of Romans in keeping with the theme that Jews are not "His people" by virtue of being born Jewish, but by putting their trust in the One who created them for His praise (Romans 2:29)
Here is the context and scriptural support:
As He says also in Hosea:
“I will call them My people, who were not My people, And her beloved, who was not beloved.” “And it shall come to pass in the place where it was said to them,
‘You are not My people,’ There they shall be called sons of the living God.”
Who are "them"? Very specifically "them" in this verse are the Jews living in the northern kingdom of Israel before the Assyrian captivity, which was before the Babylonian captivity of the southern kingdom of Judah.
They were taken into captivity because they had turned away from faith in their Maker. So He gave them a writ of divorce, said they were no longer His people, and off they went to mostly disappear into the nations of the east, though some certainly returned with the edict of Cyrus.
But the statement was made to "them", not to the gentiles. It's simple, really. He said that "they" were no longer His people, but at some point in the future He says they will be.
Concerning the gentiles, lets look at the next sentence in Romans 9
27 Isaiah also cries out concerning Israel: “Though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, The remnant will be saved.
Again, it's really simple. A remnant of the goyim (gentiles, nations) has been joined to the remnant of Israel and are now called "His people".
There in no longer a requirement to go up to Jerusalem for atonement of sin and the spotless Lamb has made salvation available to all people through faith (strong trust), so the door is open to all, regardless of race or origin.
But that doesn't negate that the promise is made to the people of Israel, since Paul tells the Ephesians we are now joined to
"the people of God" (Israel/Jews) and partakers in
their covenants.
So, yea, we gentiles are included within the "chosen people" but not apart from them.
hope that helps....
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