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It is often argued that in classical Greek the nominative is sometimes used for the vocative, So Greek poets fudged with greek grammar to make it rhyme, English poets do the same thing, but that doesn't happen in the bible as far as I know and certainly it's not hte case in john 20.28. It has been argued that Thomas use the articular nominative in john 20.28 because he was being respectufl when addressing Jesus as God, but that argument falls apart when we consider matthew 27.46 wherein Jesus addressed God in the vocative. If the argument were true, it would mean that Jesus spoke to God without respect. Plus the only verse in the entire bible where it is argued that Jesus was addressed as God in the nominative out of a sense of respect is john 20.28. Image that.
Basil L. Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, Syntax of the simple sentence, Nominative Case, chapter 12
NOTE; Gildersleeve is a well respected scholor from the 19th century who was a professor very knowledgeable about NT Greek and Classical Greek, he was a professor at some high class college like Yale or something, I forget exactly which one.
Koine Greek derived from classical Greek and is not exactly like classical.
Here is some information on Gildersleeve.
study under Johannes Franz in Berlin, under Friedrich Ritschl at Bonn and under Schneidewin at Göttingen, where he received his doctor's degree in 1853. From 1856 to 1876 he was professor of Greek at the University of Virginia, holding the chair of Latin also from 1861 to 1866.
After service for the Confederate States Army in the American Civil War, during which Gildersleeve was shot in the leg, he returned to the University of Virginia.[1] Ten years later, he accepted an offer from Daniel Coit Gilman of a position at Johns Hopkins University.
1880, the American Journal of Philology, a quarterly published by the Johns Hopkins University, was established under his editorial charge,
After service for the Confederate States Army in the American Civil War, during which Gildersleeve was shot in the leg, he returned to the University of Virginia.[1] Ten years later, he accepted an offer from Daniel Coit Gilman of a position at Johns Hopkins University.
1880, the American Journal of Philology, a quarterly published by the Johns Hopkins University, was established under his editorial charge,
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