I hope this helps.
IMPOSSIBLE TO RENEW APOSTATES (Heb. 6:4-8)
This section of Heb. 6 has been one of the most hotly debated passages of the book and even of the New Testament. Much twisting of terms and circuitous reasoning has been practiced by commentators in order to evade the apparent meaning of the passage: (1) that Christians can fall away from the faith and ultimately be lost, and (2) that certain ones who do this cannot come back into God's favor again. Let us first clear up some misinterpretations. Our discussion in this chapter has to do with the second of the above two items -- why we cannot "renew them again unto repentance" -- and, in particular, what the word "impossible" is intended to convey.
Two false views. Some think that the discussion in these verses about a person's failing away is only a hypothetical case that could never happen in real life to real Christians. This has been a favorite dodge of Calvinists and of those who retain the Calvinistic doctrine of the perseverance of the saints. Beza and the early English versions beginning with Tyndale inserted an "if" into Heb. 6:6. This was imitated by the KJV translators, and many commentators have followed suit. But there is no conditional element to the Greek construction, and it is therefore unjustifiable regardless of reasoned efforts to the contrary. Moulton traces the influence back to Erasmus and Luther.<17> The appearance of the "if" is probably due to doctrinal bias, though some have denied this. As MacKnight commented (himself a Calvinist), "no translator should take upon him to add to or alter the Scriptures for the sake of any favourite doctrine."<18> Clarke commended MacKnight for being "a thorough scholar and an honest man" who, "professing to give a translation of the epistle, he consulted not his creed but his candour."<19>
Others think the apostasy describes only "professing" rather than real Christians. Vine says, "The warning in Heb. 6:6-8 is not applied to actual Hebrew Christians."<20> Wuest agrees that "an unsaved person" is in view here and adds that "this sin cannot be committed today."<21> Some have resorted to the note of confidence expressed in Heb. 6:9-12 to support this view. But the five blessings enumerated in Heb. 6:4 and Heb. 6:5, plus their initial state of repentance alluded to in Heb. 6:6, cannot be ascribed to any but actual Christians. The sublime terms used obviously demonstrated to the Hebrew Christians that "apostasy from the highest degrees of grace was possible."<22>
Explanations about "impossible. "Those who admit to the possibility of apostasy often attempt to find some way "to explain away the word "impossible" in connection, with a renewal to repentance. One idea is that "impossible" does not describe the apostates' ability to return but only the preachers' ability to re-convert them. So Westcott says, "It is impossible for man to renew ... those who have fallen from the Faith," though he concedes that the fallen might, with some special help from God, ultimately come back.<23> This idea commonly speaks of what is not "impossible for God" but only "impossible for the ministers of Christ."<24> Often Mark 10:27 is incorrectly used to support the notion. In other words, they could not be re-convinced by man unless God supposedly performs some supernatural work on their hearts. This concept is foreign to the teaching of the New Testament, for "belief cometh of hearing, and hearing by the word of Christ" (Rom. 10:17).
Another idea was developed early in the Christian centuries -- that this passage prohibits a repetition of baptism. Many therefore concluded that for sins committed after baptism (or at least for some sins) there could be no forgiveness. The names of Chrysostom, Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian, Ambrose, Jerome, the Montanists, and the Novations are all connected with this idea in one way or another. It is forthrightly refuted by such passages as Acts 8:22 and 1 John 1:9.
Still another misinterpretation is to soften the word "impossible" to just mean difficult. The Latin version of the 6th century Codex D actually inserted the word "difficile" into the text. But this evasion does violence to the original language, which Robertson says "bluntly denies the possibility of renewal for apostates from Christ" and "cannot be toned down."<25> The Greek word for "impossible" is [@adunaton]. It occurs ten times in the New Testament, including three other passages in Hebrews (Heb. 6:18; 10:4; 11:6). In all other places the word plainly means nothing less than absolutely impossible, and that must be its meaning in Heb. 6:6 also.
It has also been suggested that it is impossible to renew them unto repentance "the while" (ASV margin) they crucify to themselves the Son of God afresh. This view emphasizes that "crucify" is a present participle and that the impossibility lasts only as long as the apostates continue their figurative crucifying. Both Bruce and Hughes repudiate this view as a simplistic truism. They take the crucifying as the cause for the impossibility rather than a temporal modifier for how long the state would continue.
A further explanation supposes a hardening of the apostates' senses to the point where it is a moral impossibility for them to return to Christ. This would therefore be the ultimate result of the process warned against in Heb. 3:12-13. Thus, Bruce comments that "it is possible for human beings to arrive at a state of heart and life where they can no longer repent."<26> Woods likewise speaks of these fallen Christians as having "gone beyond the point of no return."<27> But while such a condition may be possible, as Scripture seems to attest (2 Cor. 4:3-4; Eph. 4:17-19; 1 Tim. 4:2), this does not appear to be the correct explanation of the passage in Heb. 6.
One final view to be mentioned is that God simply will not accept back a fallen Christian who has once deliberately and wholeheartedly repudiated his Savior and his salvation. Hughes therefore suggests "a particular disposition involving a repudiation of grace so grave that it has the effect of permanently severing those who display it from the body of Christ." He equates it with the "sin unto death" (1 John 5:16) and the "eternal sin" of blasphemy against the Holy Spirit (Mark 3:29). In this view our passage in Hebrews describes an "irremediable state" where a person "places himself beyond forgiveness and renewal."<28> But while the above-cited passages describe a continuing state of non-repentance in the one case and a blasphemous denunciation so perverse that God would never forgive in the other case, neither situation seems to be the matter discussed here. Further, a "once lost -- always lost" view would be just as contrary to the teaching of Scripture as "once saved -- always saved."
What "impossible to renew" must mean. In keeping with our interpretation of Heb. 6:1-3, a much simpler explanation appears to be the correct one. And it is in harmony with the context of the book. The passage was written to Hebrew Christians warning them not to fall away as some had already done. They were in danger of reverting to the Old Testament Levitical system with its priesthood and sacrifices. The purpose of the book was to prevent them from doing this. Therefore, Hebrews was written to demonstrate the superiority of Christ and Christianity over Judaism, to warn them against falling back to the Jewish system, and to exhort them to renew their spiritual diligence.
A key section of the book emphasizes that Jesus' High Priesthood is better than the Aaronic or Levitical priesthood and that the New Covenant replaced the Old. Since the one great sacrifice has now replaced the many sacrifices of the Levitical ritual, the writer's point in Heb. 6:4-8 is that the Jewish sacrificial system cannot spiritually renew his Hebrew-Christian readers if they should happen to go back to it. The warning, both here and in the similar passage of Heb. 10:26-31, is not just against falling away in general but specifically against falling back to Judaism!
Even when the Old Covenant was still in force as God's religion, there was "a remembrance made of sins year by year" (Heb. 10:3). This was a remembrance of all past sins, even those previously atoned for, because it was actually "impossible that the blood of bulls and goats should take away sins" (Heb. 10:4). It was a faulty or limited covenant (Heb. 8:7) under which God had to continually find fault with his people (Heb. 8:8). But under the New Covenant no such "remembrance" kept coming up. When God forgave he forgot. With Jesus as the sin offering, God promised that all forgiven sins he would "remember no more" (Jer. 31:34; Heb. 8:12; 10:17).
Now that the New Covenant has replaced the Old, the Levitical system cannot even do what it once did with its limited accomplishments. The Old can now do nothing at all for it has been taken away (Heb. 10:9). Therefore, with the Old Covenant it is now "impossible to renew them again unto repentance" (Heb. 6:6) because under that system "there remaineth no more a sacrifice for sins" (Heb. 10:26). For now "in none other is there salvation'! except in Jesus (Acts 4:12). It is not that it is "impossible" for such apostates to return to Christianity, but rather it is "impossible" for them to be saved under Judaism.
Such people as those mentioned "crucify to themselves the Son of God" (Heb. 6:6) either by reverting to sacrifices which called for the death of Christ (Heb. 10:5-10) or by associating themselves with an apostate nation and rejecting "the blood of the covenant" (Heb. 10:29). Ultimately, such fallen ones can only have "a certain fearful expectation of judgments" (Heb. 10:27). When they finally "fall into the hands of the living God" (Heb. 10:31), their "end is to be burned" (Heb. 6:8) in the "fierceness of fire which shall devour the adversaries" (Heb. 10:27).
CONCLUSION
The Hebrew Christians had become "dull of hearing" (Heb. 5:11) because of continuing to be "inexperienced in the word of righteousness" (Heb. 5:13). We may not be in danger of reverting to Judaism as they were, but we always face the danger of reverting to worldly ways or some false religion and be lost at the end. A continual exposure to the "solid food" of God's Word, including difficult passages such as this one, will build us up (Acts 20:32) and keep our "senses exercised to discern good and evil" (Heb. 5:14). In case any interpretation of ours contained in this chapter should be incorrect after all, we will close by saying with Jesus -- "let him that readeth understand."