Most people agree that Revelation 17 refers to a religious system.
But what of Revelation 18?
Revelation 18:2 And he cried mightily with a loud voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and has become a dwelling place of demons, a prison for every foul spirit, and a cage for every unclean and hated bird!
Revelation 18:8 - Therefore her plagues will come in one daydeath and mourning and famine. And she will be utterly burned with fire, for strong is the Lord God who judges her.
Revelation 18:17,19 - For in one hour such great riches came to nothing. Every shipmaster, all who travel by ship, sailors, and as many as trade on the sea, stood at a distance . . . 19 They threw dust on their heads and cried out, weeping and wailing, and saying, Alas, alas, that great city, in which all who had ships on the sea became rich by her wealth! For in one hour she is made desolate.
Where is this then?
I have also copied this from a website - I cannot remember the URL - 38 charachteristics of Babylon.
38 Characteristics of Babylon
Why it can be neither Rome nor Iraq
The following information is taken from articles by R.A. Coombes
#1. The chief city of Babylon is a "DEEP WATER PORT CITY"!!! Revelation 18: 17-19. This passage tells us that merchant ships are standing off the shoreline of Babylon.
In this day and age, especially by virtue of the list of commodities that are traded in "Babylon the Great"
see Revelation 18:11-13
one thing can be noted
this city to have this kind of merchandise coming in by ships
must be a DEEP WATER SEAPORT CITY.
Now here is the problem for the Rome = Babylon theorists. Rome is not a deepwater seaport, period!!! Ancient Rome, we are told must be the only literal interpretation. Ancient Babylon, we are told must be the only literal interpretation. However, ancient Babylon is 200 miles from the Persian Gulf.
#2. It is the KEY Commercial Nation and Engine of Wealth for the Worlds Economy. Isaiah 47:15. Revelation 17:2; Revelation 18: 3, 9, 11-13, 15, 16, 17-19, 22, 23, & 19:2. Here in these passages we see just what relationship Babylon enjoys with the rest of the world. Here she is clearly the critical factor in the world economy. tell us???
Now, Rome (or Italy) or Iraq does NOT and CAN NOT fit that role
#3. These are all commodities in a list that are the chief trading products as cited in Rev 18:11-13 for which the merchants and sailors later lament that no one will buy their products anymore! Rev 18:12-13 provides a list of Gold, Silver and Copper. Now on these items alone
there is more Gold traded in New York City on the COMEX in one day than in all the rest of the world, combined !!! The same is true for Silver and Copper also.
Iraq plays no such role in the world economy. She is too poor to do so.
#4. Leading center of imports and consumption. Revelation 18: 11, 17-19. These passages tell us the economic picture of this nation. Note that this nation is not only involved in the trade of these products, but that she is also the leading importer
because when she is destroyed
"no one buys"
their merchandise anymore. The folks lamenting are the international merchants who export goods to this mystery Babylon. Therefore, she is the leading import nation. She also then is by virtue of her importer status
the chief consuming nation. This also is not a description of Rome or Italy.
#5. She is also a manufacturing nation. Revelation 18: 22. This passage tells us about her manufacturing no longer being found in her after the judgment. This tells us she was a manufacturing nation. Italy / Iraq are not a nations noted for being world leaders in manufacturing.
#6. Center for Merchandising and Marketing. Revelation 18: 3, 23; 19:2. Her merchants were the mega-merchants of the earth. This again does not fit the character traits of Rome or Iraq.
#7. Known as the Worlds "policeman". Jeremiah 50:23 gives us a Hebrew idiom, "hammer of the whole earth". It had been used at one time to describe the way the empires of Persia, Greece and Rome had applied their power to keep the world at peace. Today, after the decline and fall of the Iron Curtain, major news media referred to America as the worlds policeman, in the same kind of role that the Hebrew idiom references. Neither Rome, Italy nor Iraq fit this role.
#8. Known for "showing the flag" or "gunboat diplomacy". Isaiah 18:1-2 Here again, 2 Hebrew idioms for the idea of a nations navy showing its power. The phrase in verse 1 relates to the idea of "air travel". The first phrase of verse 2
"that sends ambassadors by the sea" another Hebrew idiom for when ancient naval powers would send warships to "show the flag" of friendship or threaten war to unfriendly nations or cities. Today, one nation engages in such actions. The USA.
#9. Noted for its elegant luxurious lifestyles, refined, rich lifestyles. Isaiah 47: 1-8; Revelation 17: 4-5; 18: 2 24, This does not match up with Rome. Rome is not capable of reaching such levels of wealthy living standards in our lifetime. It's always fighting perpetual rounds of inflation bordering at times near hyperinflation levels. Neither is Iraq capable of reaching such levels of wealthy living standards in our lifetime.
#10. Extremely Wealthy Jeremiah 51:13 Revelation 18: 2-19. Rome isn't that wealthy, Iraq isn't that wealthy.
#11. Sensual, Materialistic lifestyle. Isaiah 47: 8; Revelation 18:14. Now this one might be open to debate.
#12. The Highest Living Standards Isaiah 47:1 Revelation 18:14. Neither Italy nor Iraq enjoy any standard near the levels of the US or most other nations of Europe.
#13. Intoxicating high-society lifestyle as a world example to emulate Revelation 17:2; Revelation 18: 3, 14, 23.
#14. Elegant, Sumptuous lifestyle. Revelation 18: 14, 23. Again debatable as to whether Rome and Italy might be said to have this feature.
#15. Noted for its bright gaudy-colored lights and nightlife with round the-clock partying. Revelation 18:14. Note the words "dainty" and "goodly". Dainty is a word in Greek that connotes to 24-hour parties and is connoted with orgies and debauchery. The word for "goodly" is the Greek word "lampra" from which we get the English word for lamp.
#16. Noted for its Drugs and Drug use. Isaiah 47: 9, 12. Revelation 18:23 Do we even need to comment on this one???? I think not
the text clearly speaks for itself on this one.
#17. Noted for its culture. Revelation 18:14, 22
***Note - I personally don't agree with this but there is much imported culture / museums / art galleries etc.
#18. Noted for being Wasteful, Extravagant. Rev 18: 3, 7, 9, 14, 15; implied in Rev 17: 2.
#19. Massive Population. Rev. 18:15. And Revelation 17: 1, 15.
#20. A land of immigrants Jeremiah 50:16; 51:13; Rev. 17:1, 15. Well, with the Statue of Liberty as a symbol
there is no nation that has more appeal for immigration. Not many line up to want to immigrate to Italy.
#21. Unique and awe-inspiring beginning in its birth & right up to its demise. Isaiah 18: 2 While many nations have an interesting beginning, none have the kind of beginning that America had.
#22. Remarkably different heritage. Isaiah 18:2 See #21 above.
#23. Respected-envied and yet HATED by the whole world also. Isa. 18:2 No nation has this status within the family of nations other than the USA.
#24. Powerful and Oppressive Isaiah 18:2 Do we need to talk about all the military adventures the US has engaged in since the end of World War 2? When did you last hear of Italy or Rome bombing anybody?
#25. Land of Rebels in its birth Jeremiah 51: 1; Isaiah 47: 9.
#26. Cosmopolitan and Urban Jeremiah 50:32
#27. Land of Agriculture. Jeremiah 50: 16 Okay
when was the last time you saw farms in Rome itself? I'd like to know how much wheat, oats, corn, rice, etc that is grown in the city of Rome? I can just see a wheat combine harvesting all around the Vatican. Uh huh, sure! (North America is the largest agricultural exporting continent in the world!)
#28. An International City. Revelation 17: 18; 18:15. Well there are several cities that could fit that category.
#29. Architecture, buildings and skyline. Isaiah 13:22 Now the Rome theorists might want to argue for Rome's skyline and architecture
so I'll be generous and allow a "tie" on this one
giving it a maybe or maybe not.
#30. Land of Many waters. (fresh waters) Jeremiah 51:13, 36, 42; Isa 18:1,2. Definitely not Rome.
#31. Where the worlds leaders "stream" to meet. Jer. 51:44; Rev. 17:18. Neither Rome not Iraq is where all the world's leaders meet regularly. The only place that occurs is at the UN in New York City, at least once every year. Not Rome, Iraq, or anywhere else.
#32. Last of the Super powers. Jeremiah 50:12; Rev 17:18; and in the Revelation 18:18 passage "what city is like the mega city"
also verse 19
Rome is definitely NOT a super power. No nation has ever had the power militarily and economically that the USA has had, especially in a percentage relationship to the rest of the world.
#33. No Fear of Invasion. Isaiah 47:5, 8; Revelation 18: 7 [note: since september 11, 2001, this situation seems to have changed, a possible sign that the destruction of Babylon is near!]
#34. Defenses reach up to Outer Space--Jeremiah 51:53. Since when did Italy or Rome ever have an astronaut program? Or a space program for that matter.
#35. Occult aspects Isaiah 47:9, 12, 13.
#36. Alliances/Treaties allowing physical military bases of operation for the Satanic forces. Revelation 18: 2.
#37. Its national symbol
Robed woman with a cup-like container in one hand that smells like natural gas odors inside the container
#38. A Populated city named Babylon with a Deepwater Port.
Revelation 17:18; & 18: 11-19
Did you know that when ships coming in to the harbor facilities of New York City make their final approach to the Harbor channel shipping lanes
they have to come in from the south
heading due North straight for a spot on Long Island called
BABYLON !!! Thats right, the city of Babylon, which features a tall water tower that ship captains use to navigate directly into the harbor channel
and they come within 200 to 300 yards of the shore before turning west to head into the port. It is from this vantagepoint that I believe Revelation 18: 17-19 takes place. From this vantage point
on the deck of a ship
one could quite easily read the letters of the name Babylon on the city water tower!!! Talk about literal?? Now that is indeed literal. This is something that theorists who promote the Rome = Babylon idea cant match, because Rome is not a Deepwater seaport
it's so far away from the ocean that it can not possibly fit the description of Revelation 18: 17-19
in no way. But the USA can
and especially its chief city
a seaport named NYC/Babylon. Also, Babylon, Long Island, derived its name because of it was founded by immigrant Jews in 1872
and the groups rabbis chose the name almost prophetically, because they believed it would be home to a new diaspora.
Why would they think this? Because rabbinical opinions had held that ancient Babylons power would be moved
Zechariah 5: 5-11
and Isaiah 18:1 tells us what direction it would be moving. Isaiah 18:1 says that the spirit of Babylon would move west of the most outermost boundaries of ancient Babylons western-most border, beyond the rivers of Ethiopia and Egypt. [that is what is meant by the KJV term "Ethiopia"] By virtue of Isaiahs point of observation being from Jerusalem
then the direction of movement was westward past Egypt
beyond the most outer of Babylons oldest boundaries
meaning
the occultic power that fueled Babylon would move and take up residence west of Egypt and Ethiopia in the end times. Rome is NOT west of Egypt and Ethiopia. Thus, again we have Rome ruled out of the picture by the character traits.
Thus, scripture itself negates the Rome or Irag being Babylon theory. Why will our "expert" scholars not accept the scriptural passages on this? Perhaps its pride or ignorance, I would suspect.
Clearly, the only literal interpretation for this subject of "Mystery Babylon" from scripture is that it literally cannot be Rome nor Iraq.