Esran said:
How does one go about becoming a monk?
First, you pray alot, to find out if it's something you want to do for the rest of your life. Then with the blessing of your Spiritual Father you find a monastary to can take you in as a novice. This is where practice starts to differ. I've heard of some monastaries that have a pre-novice period before you even become a novice (don't ask me why), some go straight to the noviciate. The noviciate is a period of time for you to try out monasticism (you can leave anytime you want). After your abbot decides you are ready one of three things will happen:
1. You will be given a Riassa (outer-cassock) and a Klobuk (Kamilavka with a veil), but you will not be tonsured. This is called a Rassophore monk. He is almost an upgraded novice, because although he has more monastic garb he can still leave the monastary with the blessing of the local Bishop.
2. You will be tonsured a monk, given a Riassa, Klobuk, and Paraman (a big uncomfortable square peice of rough cloth with the cross and all the symbols of the crucifixian stiched or written on it. This is attached to a wodden relic cross with a string. This is worn all the time with the cross on your chest and the cloth square in the back.) This is called a Stavrophore monk because of the cross they wear.
3. You will be tonsured a monk and given another form of Habit call the Megaloschema (we don't have any of these in the US. I only know of one person in the US who was a Great Schema, but he's a Bishop now) I don't know a lot about the Habit of a Megaloschema since I've only seen it in real life one time, (You can see what they look like if you click on my profile picture, they almost look like wizards) so I can't really tell you much. (You'll probably never see one unless you go to the Holy Mountain, or maybe Valaam.)
I should note that what I listed is common Russian practice. The Greeks differ on their orders. I only know the Russian practice, so I can't tell you the Greek practice. I also don't know much about the habit of a nun. I just know what you call them. Mother if tonsured and sister if a novice.