The party selected its presidential candidates in a caucus of members of Congress. They included Thomas Jefferson (nominated
1796; elected
1800–1801,
1804), James Madison (
1808,
1812) and
James Monroe (
1816,
1820). By
1824, the caucus system had practically collapsed. After 1800, the party dominated Congress and most state governments outside
New England. By 1824, the party was also split four ways and lacked a center, as the
First Party System collapsed. The emergence of the
Second Party System in the 1820s and 30s realigned the old factions. One remnant followed
Andrew Jackson and
Martin Van Buren into the new
Democratic Party by 1828. Another remnant, led by
John Quincy Adams and
Henry Clay formed the
National Republican Party in 1824, while some remaining smaller factions formed the
Anti-Masonic Party, which along with some National Republican groups, developed into the
Whig Party by 1836.
[14] Most remaining National Republicans would soon after go on to be a part of the Free-Soil and modern Republican Parties in the 1840s and 50s.