Are all Jews "hardened in part" ?
Are all modern Jews "partially hardened" to the truth of the Gospel, as some insist is found in Romans chapter 11?
Or, are part hardened and part are not, as revealed by Romans 11:1-5?
I would venture to say it was mainly those Jews living in and around Judea and Jerusalem, where the corrupt Jewish Rulers ruled from.
The hardening and veil of Moses is removed for those who come to our Lord and Savior, Jesus the Christ.
According to a concordance, there are 2 greek words used for "harden/hardened".
Used only in 4 verses of the Gospels
Mark [3] and John [1]
Strong's Concordance with Hebrew and Greek Lexicon
4456. poroo apparently from poros (a kind of stone);
to petrify, i.e. (figuratively) to indurate (render stupid or callous):-- blind, harden.
matches the Greek πωρόω (
pōroō), which occurs 5 times in
5 verses
4457. porosis po'-ro-sis from 4456;
stupidity or callousness:--blindness, hardness.
matches the Greek πώρωσις (
pōrōsis), which occurs 3 times in
3 verses.
Mark uses the word "wrath<3709>" in Mark 3, which is used in only 5 verses of the Gospels, 2 of those at John's baptism:
I would guess the wrath Jesus is talking about is the one in 70ad?
Matthew 3:7
But when he saw many of the
Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his baptism, he said to them,
“Brood of vipers!
Who warned<5263>
ye to flee from
the being about wrath<3709>?
Mark 3:5
And having looked round upon
them with
wrath<3709>, being grieved for
the hardness of their heart, he saith to the man, 'Stretch forth thy hand;' and he stretched forth, and his hand was restored whole as the other;
Luke 3:7
Then said he to the
multitudes coming forth to be baptised by him,
'Brood of vipers!
who did prompt<5263>
ye to flee from
the being about wrath<3709>?
The rest of the verses that use #4456 and #4457
Mark 6:52
for they understood not concerning the loaves, for their heart hath been
hardened.
Mark 8:17
And Jesus having known, saith to them, 'Why do ye reason, because ye have no loaves? do ye not yet perceive, nor understand, yet have ye your heart
hardened?
John 12:40
'He hath blinded their eyes, and
hardened their heart, that they might not see with the eyes, and understand with the heart, and turn back, and I might heal them;'
Romans 11:
7 What then? What Israel doth seek after, this it did not obtain, and the chosen did obtain, and the rest were
hardened,
25 For I do not wish you to be ignorant, brethren, of this secret -- that ye may not be wise in your own conceits -- that
hardness in part to Israel hath happened till the fulness of the nations may come in
Ephesians 4:18
being darkened in the understanding, being alienated from the life of God, because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the
hardness of their heart,
Then the veil of Moses and the OC is introduced:
2 Corinthians 3:14
14 but their minds were
hardened,
for
unto this day the same
veil<2571> at the reading of the
Old Covenant doth remain unwithdrawn -- which in
Christ is being made useless --
G2571 matches the Greek κάλυμμα (
kalymma),
which occurs 4 times in 4 verses
2 Corinthians 3:14
13 and [are] not as Moses, who was putting a veil upon his own face, for the sons of Israel not stedfastly to look to the end of that which is being made useless,
14 but their minds were hardened,
for unto this day the same veil<2571> at the reading of the Old Covenant doth remain unwithdrawn -- which in Christ is being made useless --
15 but till to-day, when Moses is read, a veil upon their heart doth lie,
16 and whenever they may turn unto the Lord, the veil is taken away.
Genesis 1:1 (YLT)
602. apokalupsis from 601;
disclosure:--appearing, coming, lighten, manifestation, be revealed, revelation.
601. apokalupto from 575 and 2572; to take off the cover, i.e. disclose:--reveal.
575. apo apo' a primary particle; "off," i.e. away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
2572. kalupto kal-oop'-to akin to 2813 and 2928; to cover up (literally or figuratively):--cover, hide.
#602 used only 1 time in the Gospels, the rest in the Epistles and 1 time in Revelation
Luke 2:32
a Light to the uncovering<602> of Nations,
and the glory of Thy people Israel.'
Revelation 1:1
An un-veiling/covering<602> of Jesus Christ, that God gave to him, to shew to his servants what things it behoveth to come to pass quickly; and he did signify it, having sent through his messenger to his servant John,
2 Corinthians 3:
15 but till to-day, when Moses is read, a veil upon their heart doth lie,
16 and whenever they may turn unto the Lord, the veil is taken away.
601. apokalupto from 575 and 2572;
to take off the cover, i.e. disclose:--reveal.
Matthew 11:25
At that time Jesus answered and said,
"I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth,
because thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent,
and hast revealed G601 them unto babes.
.