Keeping in mind we learn more over time, and listening, we can begin Luke in chapter 1 verse 1, and immediately we are likely to be surprised and learn new things which we are ready to learn. Taking an advanced parable like this by itself isn't likely to make full sense to us if we haven't yet read extensively through the gospels with listening faith, but we can look at this complex parable if you like. Some background we learn in time is that Jesus initially was coming to save Israel from it's lostness, and all the people around Him at this moment are Jews also...
11 While they were listening to this, he went on to tell them a parable, because he was near Jerusalem and the people thought that the kingdom of God was going to appear at once.
12 He said: “A man of noble birth went to a distant country to have himself appointed king and then to return.
13 So he called ten of his servants and gave them ten minas. ‘Put this money to work,’ he said, ‘until I come back.’
[The man of noble birth is Christ Jesus Himself, the distant country I think is heaven before the time of the 2nd coming.]
14 “But his subjects hated him and sent a delegation after him to say, ‘We don’t want this man to be our king.’
[As we learn in the gospel accounts, many Jews were rejecting Christ, but some were not, and both kinds are addressed in this parable. Among those accepting Christ, some would do well with the gifts of the spirit He would bestow on them.]
15 “He was made king, however, and returned home. Then he sent for the servants to whom he had given the money, in order to find out what they had gained with it.
[This seems to be the afterlife judgement, though it clearly can apply also here and now in ways.]
16 “The first one came and said, ‘Sir, your mina has earned ten more.’
17 “ ‘Well done, my good servant!’ his master replied. ‘Because you have been trustworthy in a very small matter, take charge of ten cities.’
18 “The second came and said, ‘Sir, your mina has earned five more.’
19 “His master answered, ‘You take charge of five cities.’
20 “Then another servant came and said, ‘Sir, here is your mina; I have kept it laid away in a piece of cloth.
21 I was afraid of you, because you are a hard man. You take out what you did not put in and reap what you did not sow.’
22 “His master replied, ‘I will judge you by your own words, you wicked servant! You knew, did you, that I am a hard man, taking out what I did not put in, and reaping what I did not sow?
23 Why then didn’t you put my money on deposit, so that when I came back, I could have collected it with interest?’
[The metaphor of money on deposit seems to mean doing at least the minimum of trusting Christ and following His commandments in one's own personal life even if one fails to evangelize others. Here the
distrusting servant (who it seems believed but did not trust) actually did not want
to even do the basic things Christ said to do, such as to "love one another" and "forgive your brother from your heart" for example. He didn't even earn the interest from putting his trust in Jesus and being changed by relying in his heart on trust in Jesus and the changing power on his heart and soul that trust would have caused.]
24 “Then he said to those standing by, ‘Take his mina away from him and give it to the one who has ten minas.’
25 “ ‘Sir,’ they said, ‘he already has ten!’
26 “He replied, ‘I tell you that to everyone who has, more will be given, but as for the one who has nothing, even what they have will be taken away.
27 But those enemies of mine who did not want me to be king over them—bring them here and kill them in front of me.’ ”
[Here the 'enemies of mine' appear to be the Jews such as for instance some scribes and Pharisees (and other Jews) who in the gospel accounts we see specifically rejected Christ, the Messiah, even though He was clearly of God, from God.]