I know I said yesterday that I would share my thoughts on these verses, so here is my reply.
I'll start with 1 Timothy 3:
1 This is a true saying, if a man desire the office of a bishop, he desireth a good work.
So we see that Paul is addressing a specific leadership role in the Church, and he commends those who desire to be a bishop.
2 A bishop then must be blameless, the husband of one wife, vigilant, sober, of good behaviour, given to hospitality, apt to teach;
Requirements for the family life of one who desires to be bishop, as well as his teaching ability.
3
Not given to wine, no striker, not greedy of filthy lucre; but patient, not a brawler, not covetous;
He must not be a drunkard, or abusive, greedy or contentious, but must be patient and kind.
4
One that ruleth well his own house, having his children in subjection with all gravity;
He must manage his own household well.
5
(For if a man know not how to rule his own house, how shall he take care of the church of God?)
So far Paul has been specifying what is required of someone who seeks to be a bishop in the Church. They must be above reproach and be excellent examples, witnesses and ministers for Christ. If they can't take care of their own family and be good leaders in their home, they cannot be good leaders in the Church.
6
Not a novice, lest being lifted up with pride he fall into the condemnation of the devil.
Above is one of the verses you referred to. Paul here writes that one who desires to be a bishop must not be new to the faith, lest they fall into pride because of their position as leader. Pride can and does destroy lives and ministries. Someone who is a leader in the Church must be humble, as Jesus Himself said to His disciples. There is to be no "lording it over one another" or arguing who is greatest among Christians, for we are all "brethren." This verse is not speaking about loss of salvation, but how Satan can and often does play on our sense of pride, which is something we can all fall into if we're not careful, especially when we are given authority over others.
7
Moreover he must have a good report of them which are without; lest he fall into reproach and the snare of the devil.
This is the second verse you referred to. This verse is dealing with the witness of the life of one who is a bishop in the Church. Paul is here referring to the example the bishop sets by his life, and that he must have a good reputation among others, so as not to bring reproach on himself. Think of how often leaders in the Church have done just that and how damaging it can be and often is to the Gospel. The office of bishop is a grave responsibility, and the one holding this position must be a good example and a good witness to the faith, otherwise the devil will use any reproach against him to trap him and damage the cause of Christ. This is also not speaking about losing salvation.
8
Likewise must the deacons be grave, not doubletongued, not given to much wine, not greedy of filthy lucre;
9
Holding the mystery of the faith in a pure conscience.
10
And let these also first be proved; then let them use the office of a deacon, being found blameless.
These verses are now speaking of the requirements for being a deacon, which, again are very similar and deal with being a good witness and example in the Church.
11
Even so must their wives be grave, not slanderers, sober, faithful in all things.
Requirements for a deacon's wife.
12
Let the deacons be the husbands of one wife, ruling their children and their own houses well.
And requirements for their family life.
13
For they that have used the office of a deacon well purchase to themselves a good degree, and great boldness in the faith which is in Christ Jesus.
If they meet all these standards as leaders, they can be sure they are good witnesses and examples in the faith and that they boldly proclaim the faith in their lives.
14
These things write I unto thee, hoping to come unto thee shortly:
15
But if I tarry long, that thou mayest know how thou oughtest to behave thyself in the house of God, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and ground of the truth.
16
And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: God was manifest in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen of angels, preached unto the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up into glory.
So, nowhere in this chapter is Paul referring to loss of salvation, but rather to the proper and righteous requirements for leaders in the Church and their families, because such leadership roles come with great responsibility. The abuse of such roles, can ultimately severely damage the faith of many, which is why Paul emphasizes the importance of the example Church leaders set by their own lives.
Here is
James 5:
First of all, we need to understand that James is indeed written to believers, hence he addresses them as "brethern" (that is, brothers and sisters in Christ)
1
Go to now, ye rich men, weep and howl for your miseries that shall come upon you.
2
Your riches are corrupted, and your garments are motheaten.
3
Your gold and silver is cankered; and the rust of them shall be a witness against you, and shall eat your flesh as it were fire. Ye have heaped treasure together for the last days.
4
Behold, the hire of the labourers who have reaped down your fields, which is of you kept back by fraud, crieth: and the cries of them which have reaped are entered into the ears of the Lord of sabaoth.
5
Ye have lived in pleasure on the earth, and been wanton; ye have nourished your hearts, as in a day of slaughter.
6
Ye have condemned and killed the just; and he doth not resist you.
The above is condemnation for those who glory in earthly wealth and prosperity, and have by such things become corrupt.
In the above verses. James is continuing to address "friendship with the world". (James 4:4) As we know from Scripture, we have been called out of the world, (John 15:19), and so we should live separate from it and not living like those who are "of the world" and do not know Christ. Most important to remember, which James is also dealing with, is that the world needs to see our faith lived out, so that they will give glory to God and may also turn to Him in faith. We are to be a witness for Christ is this dark world. (Matthew 5:14-16) This was also what James was referring to when wrote those so often misunderstood words, "faith without works is dead." (James 2:14-26) He was writing to believers (brethren) already saved, exhorting them to be good witnesses in the world by living out their faith.
7
Be patient therefore, brethren, unto the coming of the Lord. Behold, the husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit of the earth, and hath long patience for it, until he receive the early and latter rain.
8
Be ye also patient; stablish your hearts: for the coming of the Lord draweth nigh.
9
Grudge not one against another, brethren, lest ye be condemned: behold, the judge standeth before the door.
The Lord is returning soon and we need to be vigilant. We do not want to be found hating one another. (Again, written to "brethren")
10
Take, my brethren, the prophets, who have spoken in the name of the Lord, for an example of suffering affliction, and of patience.
11
Behold, we count them happy which endure. Ye have heard of the patience of Job, and have seen the end of the Lord; that the Lord is very pitiful, and of tender mercy.
We endure in suffering, with patience and hope in the Lord. (As the prophets did)
12
But above all things, my brethren, swear not, neither by heaven, neither by the earth, neither by any other oath: but let your yea be yea; and your nay, nay; lest ye fall into condemnation.
The above verse is the one you referred to. Here James writes that we are not to make oaths, but simply say yes or no. Oaths are serious and binding and if we make such an oath and fail in keeping it, we indeed bring reproach and condemnation on ourselves. But loss of salvation? I don't see any reason to believe that is what this verse, in context, is saying. Rather, I believe this verse is telling us not to bind ourselves by oaths God does not require and which we cannot keep. When we fail in our foolish oath, we will indeed bring condemnation on ourselves, but not a loss of salvation, rather, the reproach of all those who know we made such an oath and did not keep it, or condemnation within ourselves before God, because we did not keep the oath we made before Him. Again, such is a terrible witness to the world and can also gravely hinder us in our walk and relationship with Christ.
13
Is any among you afflicted? let him pray. Is any merry? let him sing psalms.
14
Is any sick among you? let him call for the elders of the church; and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord:
15
And the prayer of faith shall save the sick, and the Lord shall raise him up; and if he have committed sins, they shall be forgiven him.
16
Confess your faults one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be healed. The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much.
17
Elias was a man subject to like passions as we are, and he prayed earnestly that it might not rain: and it rained not on the earth by the space of three years and six months.
18
And he prayed again, and the heaven gave rain, and the earth brought forth her fruit.
Here James exhorts and instructs the brethren (believers) in ministry and prayer in the Church.
19
Brethren, if any of you do err from the truth, and one convert him;
20
Let him know, that he which converteth the sinner from the error of his way shall save a soul from death, and shall hide a multitude of sins.
James writes in these last verses about correcting one another. If someone goes astray, they must be corrected.
In regard to "erring from the truth", the truth is Jesus Christ. He alone saves souls from death, so indeed, if someone is to reject Christ, they would not be saved. We need to look out for one another in the body of Christ.
I truly believe that the only way to not be saved is if we reject Christ's sacrifice for sin. I do not believe that any of the epistles ever say that we can mess up, make mistakes and therefore somehow lose salvation. We all do stumble in life, even after being saved, because in our flesh dwells no good thing and the flesh wars against the Spirit. We do not lose our salvation when we're not perfect in the flesh, however, otherwise no one could ever be saved. This is precisely why we need our Saviour.
In summary, I do not believe any of the verses you mentioned are dealing with the loss of salvation, but rather righteous living in the eyes of the Church and/or the world.
God bless.