The day of reckoning. What will replace the standard solar theory?

[Michael]

Twice in the past two years, SDO has falsified the standard solar model. The fallout began immediately as SDO's first light images demonstrated that the magnetic ropes actually originate and are visible about 4800KM *beneath* the chromosphere/photosphere boundary, an observation that is "impossible" in standard theory.
http://www.thesurfaceofthesun.com/images/sdo/447006main_fulldiskmulticolor-orig_new1_full.jpg

More damning yet, the HMI equipment on SDO has recently been used to falsify yet another *key* and highly important prediction of standard solar theory, specifically the speed of convection inside the sun. It turns out that convection occurs at only about 1 percent of predicted value. Two key aspects of standard solar theory are decimated by these discoveries. Without fast convection to stir things up, there's no way that Iron and Nickel will "float" and stay mixed into in a wispy thin hydrogen atmosphere and remain mixed together. Rather the heavier elements will surely sink with only 1 percent of predicted convection. The second major blow relates to the energy state of the atmosphere:
Weak solar convection – approximately 100 times slower than scientists had previously projected | Watts Up With That?

“Our current theoretical understanding of magnetic field generation in the Sun relies on these motions being of a certain magnitude,” explained Shravan Hanasoge, an associate research scholar in geosciences at Princeton University and a visiting scholar at NYU’s Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. “These convective motions are currently believed to prop up large-scale circulations in the outer third of the Sun that generate magnetic fields.” “However, our results suggest that convective motions in the Sun are nearly 100 times smaller than these current theoretical expectations,” continued Hanasoge, also a postdoctoral fellow at the Max Plank Institute in Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany. “If these motions are indeed that slow in the Sun, then the most widely accepted theory concerning the generation of solar magnetic field is broken, leaving us with no compelling theory to explain its generation of magnetic fields and the need to overhaul our understanding of the physics of the Sun’s interior.”

Not only do these new findings by SDO take away the ability to explain the suspension of heavy elements in the atmosphere, these observations blow huge holes in the power source that the mainstream uses to explain solar flares and solar atmospheric activity. Since mainstream theory has now been falsified, what's next?

 

[Tomk80]

Just a quick question Michael, how long have you been at this?

And another question out of interest, what is the source of the picture you show and what kind of filters have been used to make it and publish it?

 

[Nabobalis]

what kind of filters have been used to make it and publish it?

I would like to know as well. Not only the filters but if anything special masks had to be applied to combine the image.

Also, I still don't see why you love this image so much. Why not create a long movie of these kind of images?

 

[Michael]

Just a quick question Michael, how long have you been at this?

Well, I've been studying solar satellite imagery since the Yohkoh program, so I suppose that I have studied solar satellite images for over 20 years at this point, maybe 25.

I have favored a Birkeland solar model over the standard solar model for the past 7 years or so, and I've promoted the Birkeland solar model for about that same length of time. I haven't really had the right gear to demonstrate my case until late 2010 when SDO released it's first light images and began sending data to Earth. I've been studying the SDO images now for a tad over 2 years.

And another question out of interest, what is the source of the picture you show and what kind of filters have been used to make it and publish it?

The image uses the 305A wavelength to create the orange band around the sun, by subtracting out the distance of the photosphere from an ordinary 305A image. It also uses two iron ion wavelengths assigned yellow and blue to produce the magnetic rope images from two iron lines. Because the two iron ion images are assigned yellow and blue they blend in the atmosphere to produce the green areas that we observe in the image. Both iron ion lines will typically show plasma radiating in the million degree range, whereas the orange chromosphere is radiating in the tens of thousands of degrees. That green region between the rounded bottom of the orange chromosphere, and limb darkened region that is about 4800KM below the chromosphere, is exactly the evidence that I had been looking for for about 5 years. For the past couple of years I've been studying the effect of those magnetic ropes on the surface of the photosphere in 1600A and 1700A and magnetogram images. The really amazing part of SDO IMO is that not only does it have amazing resolution, it also has amazing cadence. Whereas SOHO images were typically spaced about 10 minutes apart, SDO images can be taken less than 10 *seconds* apart. The effect of the largest loops on the 1600A and magnetogram images are unmistakable. The million degree plasma in the magnetic ropes leaves footprints on the surface of photosphere in 1600A images, as well as magnetic footprints in the magnetogram images that track with the movement of iron ion images of magnetic ropes. The rising magnetic ropes drag material from the photosphere out into space at times, which is easy to pick out along the limb of any 1600A images of an active region.

I've waited for over 20 years for a tool like SDO to reach space. I'm blown away at the technology that has gone into that satellite. It's an amazing piece of engineering.

All the pieces of the SDO observations fit together like a glove with a Birkeland solar model, while the very same observations outright falsify the standard solar model. That data has only been available for about 6 months in terms of the helioseismology confirmation of slow convection below the 4800KM point.

That helioseismology information is the real "bombshell". That observation absolutely falsifies mainstream solar theory, whereas a Birkeland model is not dependent upon the speed of convection to generate solar flares or create magnetic loops. Futhermore it predicts a different "convection pattern". In a Birkeland model we would expect to see relatively fast convection in the upper atmosphere (top 4800KM), and a much slower mass movement below the 4800KM point. There is still a lot of mass movement going on below 4800KM, but most of it is in the form of electrons rather than observable ion movement that HMI can pickup. That 4800KM zone is going to become a point of interest to the heliosceismology community quite soon. As Kosovichev discovered in 2004-5 timeline, the mass movements around sunspots are relatively 'shallow' and tend to flatten out and go horizontal at around 4800KM. HMI is going to show that same mass movement pattern, with the fastest mass movements located in the upper 4800KM of the solar atmosphere and significant mass movement delineation at the 4800KM region.

Heliosceismology is the "creme de la creme" of solar physics research. I'm confident that they will revolutionize solar physics as we know it, within a relatively short period of time (a few years). At some point however, we have to stop and ask ourselves "what's next?" The old model has already been falsified by SDO. What now?

 

[Michael]

I would like to know as well. Not only the filters but if anything special masks had to be applied to combine the image.

Also, I still don't see why you love this image so much. Why not create a long movie of these kind of images?

The "mask" you're referring to is the the photosphere. It was subtracted from an ordinary 305A image of the chromosphere, leaving that inside "smooth" area at the bottom of the orange chromosphere where it meets the photosphere. They did indeed subtract out the photosphere from a 305A image of the chromosphere. You can create many types of wavelength overlay movies at Helioviewer by the way, but you can't subtract out the photosphere (yet).

They also used two iron lines in that image, probably 171A and 195A based on the temperatures they mentioned. These two wavelengths are assigned blue and yellow. The magnetic ropes are the only areas in the solar atmosphere that contain million degree plasma that is capable of emitting iron ion light. Many magnetic ropes emit light from both iron ion wavelengths and those magnetic ropes appear to be green in the image. If we used different color assignments for the iron ion wavelengths, say red and blue, that green region would appear to be purple rather than green.

That green region between the chromosphere/photosphere boundary (smooth bottom of the orange chromosphere, and the limb darkened region where the magnetic ropes end is the confirmation that I have been waiting for for over five years. That's why it's a "big deal".

In mainstream theory, the photosphere doesn't have an electrical current running through it, and it's only 5800 Kelvin. Without current and at these temperatures, we should see no light at all from magnetic ropes below the chromosphere. That light wouldn't penetrate more than about 10 *meters* into the photosphere before being absorbed in mainstream theory. There should be no green gap whatsoever between the chromosphere and the limb darkened region in standard theory.

A Birkeland cathode model however has electrons running through that region of the atmosphere, ionizing most of it to very high energy states. Neon reaches about a +4 ionization state in a Birkeland model, allowing high energy light to pass right through it. That constant flow of current from the surface to the heliosphere is what energizes the solar atmosphere, and allows us to observe those wavelengths to a great depth.

Electrical current is *required* to be able to observe the iron ion wavelengths under that orange chromosphere. That's why it's a "big deal".

Keep in mind that the convection data is simply the "icing on the cake' from my perspective. There is *plenty* of supporting data just in the AIA image to make a strong case for a Birkeland solar model IMO. The HMI gear is going to be (already has been) the death sentence of standard solar theory.

SDO is a game changer in solar physics. Nothing like it has ever existed until now, and the data it's sending back is utterly destroying the standard model.

 

[Loudmouth]

Twice in the past two years, SDO has falsified the standard solar model. The fallout began immediately as SDO's first light images demonstrated that the magnetic ropes actually originate and are visible about 4800KM *beneath* the chromosphere/photosphere boundary, an observation that is "impossible" in standard theory.

Where did you show that they originate beneath the photosphere? The picture is not a cross section. You can check out the entire photo here:

http://www.thesurfaceofthesun.com/images/sdo/447006main_fulldiskmulticolor-orig_new1_full.jpg

Is the yellow feature at 2 o'clock coming from even further inside the Sun? If we count the pixels from the edge of the Sun to that feature can we calculate how far into the Sun it is?

 

[Michael]

Where did you show that they originate beneath the photosphere? The picture is not a cross section. You can check out the entire photo here:

http://www.thesurfaceofthesun.com/images/sdo/447006main_fulldiskmulticolor-orig_new1_full.jpg

I showed you here:

That green band between the bottom of the chromosphere and the limb darkened areas where the green light ends is consistent, and it goes around the whole sun.

Is the yellow feature at 2 o'clock coming from even further inside the Sun?

No. We can only measure the depth of the atmosphere at the limb. The consistent limb darkening occurs at 4800KM. Anything and everything beyond that 4800 KM is most likely related to magnetic ropes *on our side of the sun*. The iron ion lines are showing us the whole sun, not just the limb.

If we count the pixels from the edge of the Sun to that feature can we calculate how far into the Sun it is?

I did count pixels with my daughter one night to calculate how far it is from the inside edge of the chromosphere in orange to the limb darkened areas near the solid surface. That number came out to exactly what I predicted based on Kosovichev's research. That *cannot* be a coincidence.

 

[Loudmouth]

I showed you here:

I have already seen the images. The green bands originate on the surface.

That green band between the bottom of the chromosphere and the limb darkened areas where the green light ends is consistent, and it goes around the whole sun.

So does the outer surface of the Sun.

No. We can only measure the depth of the atmosphere at the limb.

Not if the atmosphere is opaque. What you are seeing is ions coming from the surface of the Sun on this side of the horizon. It is made even more obvious when you stop to think about it. How can the ropes be brighter at the bottom than on the top given that the light at the bottom of the supposed ropes has to pass through thousands of km of plasma?

[qutoe]I did count pixels with my daughter one night to calculate how far it is from the inside edge of the chromosphere in orange to the limb darkened areas near the solid surface. [/quote]

You were counting pixels along the surface of the Sun, not into it.

 

[Michael]

I have already seen the images. The green bands originate on the surface.

Yes! The magnetic ropes originate at the 1200 degree solid surface, and rise up through the atmosphere, creating a colored band (in this case green) as they go up through 4800KM of solar atmosphere before rising up and through and falling back into the surface of the predominantly Neon plasma layer that you call a "photosphere". As those large current carrying ropes rise up through the atmosphere the heat up the atmosphere. The effect of that million degree magnetic rope on the surface of the Neon double layer you call a photosphere, can be observed in 1600A and 1700A images. They create 'hot spots" on that surface and rip materials from that surface as they go. The returning side of the rope pulls material down into that layer at high speeds as well, sometimes sucking materials down into the umbra of a sunspot as they go.

The largest magnetic ropes (larger than 4800KM) also leave a magnetic footprint on the Neon photosphere that can be observed in magnetogram images as well. The upward and downward currents in the magnetic rope
leave magnetically aligned footprints that track with with all the bright points in 1600A in real time over every active region.

Because only the very largest magnetic ropes, the ones that are larger than 4800KM, ever traverse the surface of the photosphere, the magnetogram images only show hot spots in the most active regions, even thought the whole sun shows million degree loops over the entire atmosphere of the sun. Most of those million degree magnetic ropes never reach the neon photosphere. They are far to small. Most of their heat is released into the 'lower" atmosphere and will be carried away by convection. This model would predict that the convection speed changes dramatically at 4800KM. Convection will occur at must faster rates above the surface than below the surface. The electron movement will still continue to move large volumes of mass through the surface, but mostly in the form of electrons rather than ions as HMI is most sensitive to. (FYI, that's another official prediction of this model).

Not if the atmosphere is opaque.

The first light SDO images demonstrate that the solar atmosphere is not opaque to iron ion wavelengths till a depth of 4800KM. Only at 4800KM below the surface of the photosphere does the sun become "opaque" to iron ion wavelengths of light. That's where the solid surface is located and that is where the sun becomes "opaque" to iron ion wavelengths.

What you are seeing is ions coming from the surface of the Sun on this side of the horizon.

Hey we agree! That surface is the *solid* surface however, not the surface of the photosphere. The surface of the photosphere is up another 4800 KM where you see the inside edge of the orange chromosphere begin.

It is made even more obvious when you stop to think about it. How can the ropes be brighter at the bottom than on the top given that the light at the bottom of the supposed ropes has to pass through thousands of km of plasma?

The current is 'strongest' at the source of the current, specifically the cathode surface. That's also where most of the ionization takes place as solid particles are ripped from the surface and ionized by the current inside the magnetic ropes.

You were counting pixels along the surface of the Sun, not into it.

We were counting pixels from the solid surface of the sun to the surface of the photosphere, the inside edge of the orange chromosphere. We took measurements all along the edges of the sun where we could take valid measurements. I did the process about a dozen different times, using many different point sets all along the limb and they always came out the same. It's 4800KM from the solid surface of the sun to the surface of the photosphere. Only the largest loops ever get that big in the first place. Most of them are much smaller and never rise more than a few hundred kilometers. Most of that heat is dumped into the *lower* atmosphere and convects away from the sun, pulled into space by the constant currents that flow from the cathode surface.

 

[Loudmouth]

Yes! The magnetic ropes originate at the 1200 degree solid surface, and rise up through the atmosphere, creating a colored band (in this case green) as they go up through 4800KM of solar atmosphere before rising up and through and falling back into the surface of the predominantly Neon plasma layer that you call a "photosphere".

The Sun is opaque at 4800KM, as you already know. The bands you are pointing at are in the chromosphere, the complete length of them. You are not seeing 4800KM into the Sun. You keep pretending that you are looking at a cross section. You aren't. The features you are pointing at do not originate 4800KM inside the Sun. The lines you see stop at the photosphere, not thousands of km below the opaque photosphere.

 

[Michael]

The Sun is opaque at 4800KM, as you already know.

What I "know" from SDO is that gas model solar theory has to go.

The sun is opaque only at the *solid cathode surface* where the limb darkening occurs. The thing that you call a photosphere in your falsified model is not actually opaque at all as SDO's first light images demonstrated in 2010. There is a 4800KM atmosphere between the limb darkened solid surface and the base of the chromosphere in orange. That's what I already know thanks to the engineers that designed and built SDO.

The bands you are pointing at are in the chromosphere, the complete length of them.

Yes, and that rounded inside edge of the orange chromosphere is where your non-opaque photosphere begins. You have a 4800KM non opaque atmosphere between that point and the limb darkening we observe, where the atmosphere glows in green.

You are not seeing 4800KM into the Sun.

Of course I am. There is a limb darkened edge at the limb in that SDO image that is covered by by about 4800KM of glowing green plasma before we reach the inside edge of that orange chromosphere/photosphere boundary.

You keep pretending that you are looking at a cross section.

No, I'm not. I'm carefully measuring all distances *only at the limb* and I'm looking for the distance between the smooth inside edge of the chromosphere/photosphere boundary and the limb darkening in iron lines at the limb. There's 4800KM of plasma between them.

The features you are pointing at do not originate 4800KM inside the Sun.

The limb darkening, where the sun becomes 'opaque' to iron ion wavelengths occurs 4800KM *under* the photosphere/chromosphere boundary at every side of, all along the limb.

The lines you see stop at the photosphere, not thousands of km below the opaque photosphere.

That SDO image flat out falsified your claim. The limb darkening where the sun actually becomes 'opaque' to the iron ion wavelengths in green is located a full 4800KM beneath the inside edge of the orange chromosphere. The surface you calling a photosphere is nothing more than a predominantly Neon double layer with impurities running through it in a Birkeland solar model. That double layer is not opaque due to the steady stream of current that ionizes most of the materials to very high energy states.

That very first composite image was the first falsification of mainstream theory. That last round of heliosceismology data is the death blow to mainstream theory. Something new will emerge from the ashes of mainstream theory, but it won't be the same gas model theory they are teaching in classrooms today. There is no jet speed convection below 4800KM. The photosphere isn't "opaque" to iron ion wavelengths either. According to mainstream theory, iron ion light should be absorbed in a matter of mere meters, not 4800KM!

 

[Loudmouth]

The sun is opaque only at the *solid cathode surface*.

No. The Sun is opaque several thousands of km above the point where you claim to be seeing these structures. Here is the reference, which you have also been shown multiple times:

The Photosphere of the Sun

No imaging technology can see anything at 4800KM below the surface. Nothing. It is a complete fantasy on your part.

And we haven't even started to talk about the massive temperature problems which are also shown at the link above. Notice how the temperature goes up with depth?

 

[Michael]

No. The Sun is opaque several thousands of km above the point where you claim to be seeing these structures.

No it's not opaque. If it were actually opaque as your now falsified theory claimed, there would be no 4800KM gap between the inside edge of the photosphere/chromosphere boundary and the limb darkening that occurs in the iron lines. Your opacity claims went up in smoke in the very first SDO composite image!

Here is the reference, which you have also been shown multiple times:

SDO has already falsified your reference twice.

No imaging technology can see anything at 4800KM below the surface. Nothing. It is a complete fantasy on your part.

The only fantasy going on here is your fantasy that standard solar theory has any merit whatsoever. SDO has falsified mainstream theory twice now, once with AIA images, and now with HMI data. Wake up and smell the coffee. Current gas model claims have been falsified.

And we haven't even started to talk about the massive temperature problems which are also shown at the link above. Notice how the temperature goes up with depth?

Maybe in your now falsified model they go up, but not necessarily in a Birkeland model. It works differently than standard theory because the Neon double layer isn't "opaque", and that is why we are able to see 4800KM into the solar atmosphere from that point.

 

[Loudmouth]

No it's not opaque. If it were actually opaque as your now falsified theory claimed, there would be no 4800KM gap between the inside edge of the photosphere/chromosphere boundary and the limb darkening that occurs in the iron lines.

There is no gap. Thos are coming from the surface of the photosphere, well above 4800KM.

Your opacity claims went up in smoke in the very first SDO composite image!

No, they didn't. The photosphere is opaque just a few hundred km down.

 

[Loudmouth]

Let's have some real fun with this. I say that steam is rising out from our brains and right through our skulls. My proof? This picture of course:

http://totallycoolpix.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07122011_best_sports_pix_2011/sport2011_081.jpg

As you will see in the photo, there is a gap between the source of the steam and the top of the guys head. Obviously, this steam is originating deep in his cranium and going right through his skull and skin.

 

[Michael]

There is no gap. Thos are coming from the surface of the photosphere, well above 4800KM.

No, the magnetic ropes come from the limb darkened region of the iron lines, a full 4800KM beneath the chromosphere!

No, they didn't. The photosphere is opaque just a few hundred km down.

If the neon layer actually were opaque as you claim, the limb darkening of the iron lines would occur inside the orange chromosphere, and there would be no 4800KM green band between the darkened limb in the iron ion lines and the orange chromosphere. There's a 4800KM gap in your now dead theory!

 

[Loudmouth]

No, the magnetic ropes come from the limb darkened region of the iron lines, a full 4800KM beneath the chromosphere!

There is no light that comes from 4800KM beneath the chromoshere. None. You are not measuring what you claim to be measuring. You are seeing ropes that originate from the surface on this side of the horizon just like the steam originates lower on the head in the picture above.

It the neon layer actually were opaque as you claim, the limb darkening of the iron lines would occur in the orange chromosphere,

Not if they originated closer to the observer on the surface.

The Sun is opaque just a few hundred km down.

The Photosphere of the Sun

 

[Nabobalis]

I don't see how that SDO image supports the claim that we are looking below the photosphere.

 

[Michael]

I don't see how that SDO image supports the claim that we are looking below the photosphere.

The smooth inside edge of the orange ring is the photosphere/chromosphere boundary. The orange ring in the image is the chromosphere as seen in 304A, minus the photosphere.

According to standard theory, the footprints of the coronal loops begin about 1200KM *above* that boundary, somewhere inside the orange chromosphere, inside of a "transition region" between the corona and the chromosphere.

That is absolutely *not* what we observed in the SDO first light image. We observe that the base of the iron ion images begin a full 4800KM *under* the photosphere, exactly where I predicted they began based upon Kosovichev's study of mass movements under sunspots, and his paper on a "stratification subsurface".

The single most important physical difference between the standard model and a Birkeland cathode solar model is the location where the magnetic ropes become visible to SDO in relationship to the photosphere. In the standard model, it's *impossible* for iron ion wavelengths to travel more than about 10 *meters* through a non electrically conductive "photosphere".

Since current traverses that layer in a Birkeland cathode model, the net energy state of that double layer is *much higher* than in the standard model. It's therefore possible for light of such wavelengths to traverse large distances of the solar atmosphere.

In terms of solar satellite images, this is the single most important difference between the standard solar model and any type of Birkeland cathode solar model. The fact we *can* observe light *under* that orange chromosphere not only falsifies standard solar theory, it simultaneously supports a Birkeland cathode model.

The real "proof' however is found in the effects of the magnetic ropes on the surface of the photosphere around active regions. The ropes rip parts of the photosphere seen in 1600A images during flares. The loops sometimes become visible in 1600A along the limb above active regions too.

All the images from SDO fit like a glove with a Birkeland solar model, but the very first light image from the AIA rack falsified standard theory for all time.

The Heliosceismology data is just the icing on the cake in terms of outright falsifying standard solar theory. Both the AIA gear and the HMI equipment on SDO have falsified standard solar theory. It's not a question of *if* the standard solar theory is broken, it's a question of what do we do about it?

 

[Michael]

There is no light that comes from 4800KM beneath the chromoshere. None.

Apparently you're not looking too carefully because I observe green light all around that image at the limb.

You are not measuring what you claim to be measuring. You are seeing ropes that originate from the surface on this side of the horizon just like the steam originates lower on the head in the picture above.

If that were the case, the limb image would show the bulk of the bright green light would be located inside the orange chromosphere, and the limb darkening of the iron ion wavelengths would coincide with the inside smooth edge of the orange chromosphere/photosphere boundary.

Not if they originated closer to the observer on the surface.

They do, but the surface is 4800KM under the orange chromosphere all along the limb!

The Sun is opaque just a few hundred km down.

In terms of these specific wavelengths it should be opaque in something on the order of 10 *meters*, not kilometers in standard theory.

Pretty much every claim about the photosphere in standard solar theory went up in smoke in that first light image, and every AIA image since. Now the HMI gear confirms that the standard solar model is falsified.

What now?