I know part of this question has been asked before. Your in heaven....wife/father/mother/family member is burning in hell. I've been told that being with God will make me understand and I won't be sad and miss them yet if that's true then how did Satan come to turn his back on God and bring angels down with him? Either being with God is really being at peace or there's a chance that even in Heaven you'll never be at peace.
These problems, I think, arise from conflating numerous ideas and bringing a lot of recent/novel theological baggage into the equation.
Let's consider several things firstly:
In the Gospels we are presented with a very Jewish understanding of the afterlife in the teachings and parables of Jesus. Jesus refers to Gehenna, Paradise, and Hades.
Firstly, Hades is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew She'ol, both refer simply to "the place of the dead". It's the "underworld", or "grave". In the understanding of first century Judaism there exist to states/conditions/places for the dead in She'ol/Hades: Gan-Eden (Paradise) and Gehenna. Gan-Eden means "Garden of Eden", even the word "Paradise" is derived ultimately from Persian and refers to an enclosed garden. Thus Paradise, the resting place of the righteous, is a garden reminiscent of Eden, it's a way of talking about the rest of the righteous dead. Gehenna is the Hellenized form of the word Ge-Hinnom, or "Valley of Hinnom", a literal valley outside of Old Jerusalem that was used as a refuse dump, which was kept burning and where the diseased and criminal corpses were disposed. The Valley of Hinnom was long associated with destruction and corruption, this was the valley where the worshipers of Molech would sacrifice their children to his idol by burning them alive.
Thus both of these concepts entered into Jewish imagination as ways of describing the righteous dead (Edenic paradise) and wicked dead (the fiery pit of Hinnom). Both were considered aspects or parts of She'ol, or in Greek Hades (the Greeks likewise maintained that their underworld, Hades, was divided between the fields of Elysium and the pits of Tartarus). In point of fact, the New Testament at one point uses "Tartarus" to describe the prison of the fallen angels, a likely reference back to a description in the non-canonical book of Enoch which describes the fallen Watchers as being imprisoned in Tartarus.
Next, Scripture often uses language of "heaven" to describe God's "space"; namely it envisions the "heavens" and "highest heavens" as ways to communicate God's vast "aboveness" in relation to us here on earth. "Heavens", in both Hebrew and Greek equally just mean "the sky", or "all that stuff we see when we look up from the earth." Thus God is at times described being in the "highest heavens" or more potently, being above all the heavens. This connection between "heaven" and God is so strong that the very word "heaven" could be used as a euphemism for God, as in Matthew's Gospel where "kingdom of Heaven" is used almost exclusively where Mark and Luke use "kingdom of God".
Following from that we confess that after Jesus rose from the dead He ascended into heaven, that is, Christ, the Son, returned to His Father to reign at the Father's right hand--a reference to the Son's power and authority.
Scripture never says that we "go to heaven when we die"; that's simply not part of the biblical text. However, we do have St. Paul saying that being absent from the body is to be "present with the Lord"; thus we look forward to being with Christ between death and resurrection. What this means in anyway that we can imagine or conceive is ultimately beyond reckoning. Additionally, the Revelation of St. John, does in its apocalyptic language describe Saints and Martyrs before God's Throne. This of course is found in the Revelation, an apocalyptic text filled with robust symbolic language. But, again, it is fair to ascertain that when we who are in Christ die, we in some sense go to be with the Lord, before God, until the Day of the Resurrection.
Finally, Scripture is clear: On the Last Day when the Lord returns the dead are raised, bodily. There is a new heavens and a new earth (all creation is renewed and restored), and God makes His habitation with mankind upon the earth and this is world without end; forever and ever. At the Judgment Hades/She'ol and Death are themselves thrown into the "Lake of Fire"; are consumed by Divine Judgment.
We need to isolate these three concepts as found in Scripture before any meaningful conversation further can be made.
After all of that, now we can begin to ask some questions. Is it even really appropriate to speak of "Heaven and Hell" in the popular sense at all? Maybe, maybe not. Is the ultimate state of the righteous and the ultimate state of the wicked constituting separate "locations"? If so, how so? Perhaps even considering the concept of "locations" in this regard is rather foolhardy on our part. Many ancient Christians didn't even consider these two states as different "places", but rather understood these as reference points of describing the righteous and the wicked in their relationship to and with God.
For example, St. Isaac the Syrian will speak of God loving everyone impartially, and His love being given unconditionally to all (without exception) and it is our response/disposition toward that love that is the real difference between "Heaven" and "Hell". Namely for the righteous God's Love is like a warm fire, delectable, intoxicating, refreshing; for the wicked God's Love singes them, it is agonizing as they suffer under the torment of remorse and self-pity.
At the end of the day, perhaps we should just trust God to be God.
-CryptoLutheran