They essentially agreed on predestination, but Calvin believed that Christ died only for the elect ("limited atonement"), while Luther believed that Christ died for all humanity.
Hi Lori.
Actually, Calvin made statements on the atonement that people on "both sides" of the debate can use to buttress their beliefs. For example, sometimes he said things that sounded like limited atonement, other times he said things that sounded like unlimited atonement. Thus people on both sides of the debate often quote his words as ammunition against each other.
This is because of two reasons:
1) the concept of Limited Atonement wasn't really on Calvin's radar. It is a debate that started after he was dead. In fact, Calvin had no clue what "TULIP" was. He didn't invent it. TULIP is the result of the 5 points of debate at the synod of Dordt, which happened after he was dead.
2) Limited Atonement isn't so much about the number of people Jesus died for, but rather, it is about what God
intended to accomplish with Christ's death.
If we speak of "intention" rather than "quantity", we get much closer to what "Limited Atonement" is trying to teach.
So what was the intention of the Triune God in the Son's death for people? What was God trying to accomplish?
Limited Atonement says that what God was trying to accomplish was the infallible, guaranteed salvation of the elect.
Unlimited Atonement says that God was trying to accomplish merely making all people
savable.
So what does the Bible say?
Everywhere the Bible speaks of the atonement it speaks of
actually accomplishing salvation, not merely making it a possibility.
Matthew 1:21. “And she will bring forth a Son, and you shall call His name Jesus, for He
will save
His people from
their sins.”
Notice, his name is not Jesus "because he will try to save all", or "because he will TRY to save ALL people from ALL OF THEIR sins", but rather, his very name means "He WILL save HIS people from THEIR sins".
John 10:11, 14-16, 26-29. “I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd gives His life for the sheep.... I am the good shepherd, and I know My sheep, and am known by My own. As the Father knows Me, even so I know the Father; and I lay down My life for the sheep. And other sheep I have which are not of this fold; them also I must bring, and they will hear My voice; and there will be one flock and one shepherd.... But you do not believe, because you are not of My sheep, as I said to you. My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow Me. And I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; neither shall anyone snatch them out of My hand. My Father, who has given them to Me, is greater than all; and no one is able to snatch them out of My Father’s hand.”
Here we read Christ's own statement the following truths:
1) The Father gave Jesus his sheep
2) Jesus dies for the sheep to give them eternal life
3) Not all people are His sheep
4) A person believes because they are his sheep, not vice-versa (notice, the verse does not say "you are not my sheep because you do not beleive", but rather it says the opposite "you do not believe because you are not my sheep"
Thus again we have the Bible's affirmation that Christ's death results in salvation, not merely the potential for salvation.
Gal 3:13. "Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us—for it is written, “Cursed is everyone who is hanged on a tree”—"
Notice this verse says that Christ
actually redeemed us, not potentially redeemed us or made us merely "redeemable"
John 11:51-52. "He did not say this on his own, but as high priest that year he prophesied that Jesus would die for the Jewish nation, and not only for that nation but also for the scattered children of God, to bring them together and make them one"
Here we read that Christ's death will, without fail, "gather the children of God who are scattered abroad". It will not merely 'make it possible for all people to become the children of God". but it is designed specifically for the children of God.
Acts 20:28 “Shepherd the church of God which He purchased with His own blood”
Here we read that Christ purchased the church with his own blood. It does not say that Christ
tried to purchase everyone. But he successfully purchased the church.
Eph 5:25 - "love your wives as Christ loved the church, and gave himself up for her"
Christ gave himself up for his wife, the church. He did not give himself up for those that do not make up his wife.
(Rev. 5:9).You were slain, and have redeemed us to God by Your blood out of every tribe and tongue and people and nation”
Note it says that Christ was slain and actually redeemed us by his blood. Not merely made it a possibility to be redeemed. Also it says that Christ redeemed people "out of" every tribe. It does't say he redeemed all people in each tribe.
Even our beloved John 3:16 speaks about
actually securing salvation for believers, not merely making all people savable. It says "he gave his only begotten Son, so that all who believe will not perish". It doesn't say that God sent Christ "to save all people "or "to try to save all people", but rather, to
actually save some people - believers.
I could go on and on but these small handful of verses makes my point. You might disagree with Limited Atonement, but please acknowledge that it is about what God was trying to accomplish by Christ's death. These verses speak to that and answer that question.
I ask that if you believe Christ's death was merely to make salvation possible for all men, that you provide bible verses that say such a thing. I don't think a single verse actually says anything even
remotely close to that concept.
There are excellent articles and sermons on the doctrine and I would highly recommend them. I think the atonement is the most important doctrine in the Bible.
http://www.monergism.com/thethreshold/articles/onsite/limitedatonement.html
http://www.gotquestions.org/limited-atonement.html
http://www.sermonaudio.com/search.a...true&keywordwithin=definite+atonement&x=3&y=9
http://www.spiritempoweredpreaching.com/downloads/Limited_Atonement.mp3
http://www.monergism.com/topics/definite-atonement
Of course there are some verses that raise questions such as 1 John 2:2 and I would love to discuss them with you. Maybe on another thread.