Originally Posted by Logical Challenger The Scientific Method Of Investigation
let see how they did this in proposing evolution
1. Initial Observation of Phenomena
From an initial observation of a phenomena, A shortcoming in knowledge is identified.
lets send a theologian who failed Med school into the Beagle and let him come up with a possible theory of why life is the way it is
2. Data Acquisition
Measurement, observation, evidence, collect any data that has any bearing on the phenomena under investigation.
send this theologian with the ideas that was already developed by Erasmus Darwin and other writers many of whom were deists who were dedicated to erasing all ideas about God at whatever cost ..have his ideas influenced by Lamark who not only was not academically trained but many of his ideas have been ridiculed today..Have a lawyer turned Geologist Charles Lyell weave his idea of uniformatitariansim in this mans head and soon you have the rebeginnings of evolution...sprinkle in the idea that "historic geology relies chiefly on paleontology, the study of fossil organism"..which gets us the idea that the rocks are dated by the fossils (way before radiometric dating was discovered) and now you're cooking
3. Formulate Hypothesis
Formulate multiple hypotheses that explain the observed phenomena.
yes but make sure the basis of evolution is preserved...hmmm....lets see..problem with explaining for one the "short" lifespan of comets..this will be falsify the billions of years age of the universe..solution: create an OORT cloud that makes these dates possible..another problem: can't really see a line continuum in the fossil record of development in higher taxa animals..bats and ants have always been bats and ants in the fossil record (called stasis)..solution: Come up with the punctuated equilibrium story
example:"The Oort Cloud, a hypothetical shell of cometary material far beyond the orbit of Pluto, is much thinner than originally believed, according to a scientists from JPL and Southwest Research Institute, reported in Sky and Telescope online news. This cloud of material was supposed to be the source of new comets, which disintegrate as they orbit the sun. Stern and Weissman’s calculations show the cloud could only contain less than 10% of what was previously assumed. See this good Planetary Society lay explanation of their work and its implications. The original paper is published in Nature, Volume 409, Number 6820, pp. 589-591 (2001)."
4. Test Hypothesis
Each hypothesis must be tested against the evidence. Various experiments can be devised to try to disprove and prove each hypothesis.
Any hypothesis that:
- fails to explain the phenomena
- is contradicted by the evidence
- fails experimental scrutiny
is rejected.
how do we propose how life got started?..bring up a prehistoric biotic soup of RNA in a world without oxygen...problem: oldest rocks are oxidized..how to explain how RNA even got developed and learned to do what it does..another problem:explain mechanism of evolution..solution: mutations...problem most known mutations have shown to have created a problem for the organism..solution: bring up nylon eating bacteria or sickle-cell anemia..problem:nylon bacteria can't survive on anything else..and those that carry SCA rarely live past 20..
hmm what about this story
"According to an article in this week's Science News (Vol 159 p. 54, 01/27/01), specialized proteins perform emergency first aid and morgue duty. Proteins dubbed "chaperones" are able to recognize badly-folded proteins and fix them. Another protein acts as a coroner and breaks apart proteins that are beyond repair"..maybe stasis has a basis after all
Contradictory evidence should also be scrutinised to ensure there is a valid contradiction and not just an explainable exception. Supporting evidence should also be scrutinised to ensure the supporting evidence is not just an exception. Experiments are scrutinised for the validity of their results.
A hypothesis may be refined or modified at any time so that it is consistent with the observed phenomena and the observed evidence. A hypothesis that explains the Phenomena and is consistent with the evidence may now be presented as a theory. More than one hypothesis may fulfil both these criteria therefore there can be more than one theory for any one phenomena.
lets see Dean Kenyon writes a book on chemical evolution , later questions his ideas and is disbarred from teaching a bilogy class..other points of view that are openly anti-evolution are denied to submit in scientific journals and magazines
what of this piece:"The Stanford anthropologist who published the African Eve theory disputes the interpretation that these findings damage the out-of-Africa theory, according to CNN. So if both theories can co-exist, why argue? “Egos, egos egos,” he said. “Scientists are human.”
[7. Ongoing Testing Of The Theory
The Theory is published and all interested parties are invited to test the Theory to destruction.
The theory is used to make predictions. These predictions are tested by experiments or further observations. This is an ongoing process.
see Behes criticism and other IDs
Ahem:
"More lumpiness problems for the Big Bang theory: astronomers have detected a mass of quasars and galaxies 600 million light-years across, the biggest yet. Discovery News Online relays the concerns of Gerard Williger of NOAO:
That such a large structure could form so quickly after the Big Bang calls into question some of the traditional theories of how the universe evolved, Williger said, since it is difficult to explain how gravity could pull together such an immense cluster in a relatively short time . . . . “A successful theory has to explain the extremes,” said Williger.
8. Reject, Modify or Retain Theory.
During testing and investigation, new evidence may come to light that indicates the theory may be incorrect or subject to constraints. The Theory can be either rejected or corrected to make it consistent with all the evidence. Go back to step 7.
ha ha
..gee heres another one:
"Pulsars Aren’t So Old 01/16/2001
A pulsar thought to be 24,000 years old may only be 1,615 years old. Data from the new giant orbiting Chandra X-Ray Observatory reveals that a supernova remnant is clearly associated with the pulsar. This supernova was observed and recorded by the Chinese in 386 A.D. (Reported from January’s American Astronomical Society convention by Scientific American.) According to Astronomy Now, “This calls into question many other pulsar ages and suggests that some revisions are needed in those astronomy textbooks.” ..you think they'll change some of their thinking any time soon