The pattern in Europe and Asia during the 1968/1969–1969/1970 period suggests a possible favorable opportunity for pandemic response should a future pandemic be like the one in 1968. The smoldering first pandemic season observed in 4 of the 6 countries suggests that a pandemic vaccine available 1 year after the emergence of the new subtype could have prevented the majority of deaths and illnesses associated with the emerging pandemic strain. The exact role that neuraminidase played in driving the mortality of the 1968 pandemic remains to be confirmed, but it seems that the 1968 pattern, unique in its conservation of the neuraminidase antigen, allowed ample time to produce and distribute a pandemic vaccine. In the meantime, vaccination targeted against neuraminidase could be complementary to treatment and prophylaxis by antiviral agents, which would probably be available in short supply in most countries during a pandemic situation [
50].
Unfortunately, given our limited experience with pandemic influenza—only 3 pandemics occurred during the 20th century—our ability to predict the likelihood of a 1968-like pandemic in the future is quite limited